ér
See also: Appendix:Variations of "er"
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈeːr]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eːr
Etymology 1
ér (1)
ér (2)
From Proto-Ugric *särä, from Proto-Uralic *särä. Cognates include Mansi та̄р (tār, “root”).
Noun
ér (plural erek)
- (anatomy) blood vessel (artery, vein, or capillary)
- (botany) vein (a thickened portion of the leaf containing the vascular bundle)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ér | erek |
| accusative | eret | ereket |
| dative | érnek | ereknek |
| instrumental | érrel | erekkel |
| causal-final | érért | erekért |
| translative | érré | erekké |
| terminative | érig | erekig |
| essive-formal | érként | erekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | érben | erekben |
| superessive | eren | ereken |
| adessive | érnél | ereknél |
| illative | érbe | erekbe |
| sublative | érre | erekre |
| allative | érhez | erekhez |
| elative | érből | erekből |
| delative | érről | erekről |
| ablative | értől | erektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | éré | ereké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | éréi | erekéi |
| Possessive forms of ér | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | erem | ereim |
| 2nd person sing. | ered | ereid |
| 3rd person sing. | ere | erei |
| 1st person plural | erünk | ereink |
| 2nd person plural | eretek | ereitek |
| 3rd person plural | erük | ereik |
Derived terms
- eres
- erezet
Compound words
- aranyér
- érrendszer
- érvéghüvely
- gyűjtőér
- hajszálér
- nyirokér
- ütőér
- verőér
- visszér
Etymology 2
ér (Etymology 2)
Controversial origin:
- From ér (“blood vessel”).
- From Proto-Uralic *šerɜ (“creek”).
Noun
ér (plural erek)
- brook, streamlet, rill
- Hypernym: folyóvíz
- Coordinate terms: csermely, patak, folyó, folyam
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ér | erek |
| accusative | eret | ereket |
| dative | érnek | ereknek |
| instrumental | érrel | erekkel |
| causal-final | érért | erekért |
| translative | érré | erekké |
| terminative | érig | erekig |
| essive-formal | érként | erekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | érben | erekben |
| superessive | eren | ereken |
| adessive | érnél | ereknél |
| illative | érbe | erekbe |
| sublative | érre | erekre |
| allative | érhez | erekhez |
| elative | érből | erekből |
| delative | érről | erekről |
| ablative | értől | erektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | éré | ereké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | éréi | erekéi |
| Possessive forms of ér | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | erem | ereim |
| 2nd person sing. | ered | ereid |
| 3rd person sing. | ere | erei |
| 1st person plural | erünk | ereink |
| 2nd person plural | eretek | ereitek |
| 3rd person plural | erük | ereik |
Etymology 3
Uncertain; perhaps from a Turkic language, compare Uyghur [script needed] (är-), Chagatai [script needed] (ir-), Turkish er- (“to reach”) verb forms.[1] The second main meaning derives from the first, ér (“to reach”).[2]
Verb
ér
- (heading) To reach or extend until a point.
- (intransitive) to reach (a place), arrive, get somewhere (-ba/-be or -ra/-re or -hoz/-hez/-höz)
- Synonyms: odaér, elér, érkezik, megérkezik, jut, eljut
- 1863, János Arany, Buda halála, canto 6:
- Értek vala éjszakára / Kur vizének a partjára; / Folyóvíznek partja mellett / Paripájok jól legelhet.
- They find themselves as daylight sinks / where Kur’s broad waters sweep and swell. / On meadows by the river-brinks / their weary steeds may pasture well.
- Értek vala éjszakára / Kur vizének a partjára; / Folyóvíznek partja mellett / Paripájok jól legelhet.
- (intransitive) to touch something (-hoz/-hez/-höz or -ba/-be)
- A fa ága a vízhez ér. ― The branch of the tree touches the water.
- Synonyms: hozzáér, érint, megérint, érintkezik, nyúl, (the latter two can only apply to deliberate action) hozzányúl
- (intransitive) to reach, stretch, extend as far as something (-ig) (to be long or deep or high enough)
- A szekrény a falig ér. ― The wardrobe extends as far as the wall.
- A víz a derekamig ér. ― The water comes / rises up to my waist.
- (transitive) to hit, strike, afflict someone; meet with, be faced with something (of a disaster or sometimes luck)
- A szomszédomat baleset érte. ― My neighbor had / met with an accident.
- (transitive) to catch someone (to discover unexpectedly; to surprise)
- Synonym: rajtakap
- 1974, Leo Tolstoy (author), László Németh (translator), Anna Karenina [Anna Karenina], Bucharest: Kriterion Könyvkiadó (1989), →ISBN, volume 1, part 1, chapter 1, page 7:
- Az történt vele ebben a pillanatban, ami az emberrel történni szokott, ha váratlanul igen szégyenletes dolgon érik. Arcát nem tudta a helyzethez szabni, amelybe bűne felfedésével a felesége előtt került.
- There happened to him at that instant what does happen to people when they are unexpectedly caught in something very disgraceful. He did not succeed in adapting his face to the position in which he was placed towards his wife by the discovery of his fault.
- Az történt vele ebben a pillanatban, ami az emberrel történni szokott, ha váratlanul igen szégyenletes dolgon érik. Arcát nem tudta a helyzethez szabni, amelybe bűne felfedésével a felesége előtt került.
- (transitive) to be able to use something (-val/-vel) meaningfully, to be of use to someone
- Synonyms: kezd, megy
- Mit érek húsz forinttal? ― What can I do with twenty forints? What use can twenty forints be to me?
- (intransitive) to reach (a place), arrive, get somewhere (-ba/-be or -ra/-re or -hoz/-hez/-höz)
- (heading) To have some value or validity.
- (transitive) to be worth something
- Ez a cipő húszezer forintot ér. ― This pair of shoes is worth twenty thousand forints.
- to count, to be fair (to be legal according to the rules of a game)
- Synonyms: érvényes, szabályos
- (transitive) to be worth something
Usage notes
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
conjugation of ér
| 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal | 1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood | Present | Indef. | érek | érsz | ér | érünk | értek | érnek |
| Def. | érem | éred | éri | érjük | éritek | érik | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | érlek | ― | ||||||
| Past | Indef. | értem | értél | ért | értünk | értetek | értek | |
| Def. | értem | érted | érte | értük | értétek | érték | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | értelek | ― | ||||||
| Conditional mood | Present | Indef. | érnék | érnél | érne | érnénk | érnétek | érnének |
| Def. | érném | érnéd | érné | érnénk (or érnők) | érnétek | érnék | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | érnélek | ― | ||||||
| Subjunctive mood | Present | Indef. | érjek | érj or érjél | érjen | érjünk | érjetek | érjenek |
| Def. | érjem | érd or érjed | érje | érjük | érjétek | érjék | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | érjelek | ― | ||||||
| Infinitive | érni | érnem | érned | érnie | érnünk | érnetek | érniük | |
| Other nonfinite verb forms | Verbal noun | Present participle | Past participle | Future part. | Adverbial part. | Potential | ||
| érés | érő | ért | érendő | érve | érhet | |||
Derived terms
For the first main meaning: to reach or extend until a point
- érdekel
- érint
- érintkezés
- érintkezik
- érkezik
- ért
(With verbal prefixes):
- átér
- beér
- beleér
- egybeér
- elér
- felér
- fölér
- hazaér
- hozzáér
- kiér
- körbeér
- körülér
- leér
- megér
- odaér
- összeér
- ráér
- utolér
- visszaér
Expressions
- földet ér
- fülig ér a szája
- lassan járj, tovább érsz
- tetten ér
- véget ér
For the second main meaning: to have some value or validity
- érték
- értékel
- értékes
- értékesít
- érvény → érvényes → érvényesít, érvénytelen
(With verbal prefixes):
- felér
- fölér
- megér
Expressions
- aranyat ér
See also
- érik
References
- ér² in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), Second, revised and expanded edition, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021, page 207, →ISBN. (See also the PDF of its 1st edition.)
- ér¹ in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), Second, revised and expanded edition, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021, page 206, →ISBN. (See also the PDF of its 1st edition.)
Further reading
- (blood vessel; streamlet): ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to reach; to have value): ér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ér in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
Anagrams
- ré
Mandarin
Alternative forms
- er (nonstandard)
Romanization
ér (er2, Zhuyin ㄦˊ)
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 侕.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 儿.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 児.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 兒／儿.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 唲.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 栭.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 檽.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 洏.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 濠.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 而.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 耏.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 聏.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 胹.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 腘.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 臋.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 荋.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 袻.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 輀／𮝵.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 轜.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 陑.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 隭.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 髵.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鮞／鲕.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鲕.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鴯／鸸.
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鸸.
Old Norse
Alternative forms
- *īʀ – East Norse
- þér – younger form
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jīz, Northwest Germanic form of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. The vowel change of long ī to long é is due to West Norse R-umlaut, caused by the Proto-Germanic -z, which in Proto-Norse changed to a -R sound, before merging with regular r. The East Norse form is thus ír.
Pronoun
ér (Old West Norse)
- you (plural); ye
Declension
Old Norse personal pronouns
| number | first person | second person | reflexive | third person | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| case | singular | singular masculine | singular feminine | singular neuter | ||
| nominative | ek | þú | hann | hon, hón | þat | |
| accusative | mik | þik | sik | hann, hánn | hana, hána | þat |
| dative | mér | þér | sér | hánum, hónum | henni | því |
| genitive | mínn, minn | þínn, þinn | sínn, sinn | hans, háns | hennar | þess |
| case | dual | |||||
| nominative | vit | it, þit | ||||
| accusative | okkr | ykkr | sik | |||
| dative | okkr | ykkr | sér | |||
| genitive | okkarr | ykkarr | sínn, sinn | |||
| case | plural | plural masculine | plural feminine | plural neuter | ||
| nominative | vér | ér, þér | þeir | þær | þau | |
| accusative | oss | yðr | sik | þá | þær | þau |
| dative | oss | yðr | sér | þeim | þeim | þeim |
| genitive | várr | yðarr, yðvarr | sínn, sinn | þeira, þeirra | þeira, þeirra | þeira, þeirra |
Descendants
- ⇒ Old West Norse: þér (← hafið ér)
- Icelandic: þér
- Faroese: tær
- Norwegian Nynorsk: de (also from þit)
Westrobothnian
Etymology
From Old Norse ęr, from Proto-Germanic *arwaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [éːɾ]
- Rhymes: -éːr
Noun
ér n (definite singular ére, plural ér, definite plural éra)
- scar
Derived terms
- eru (“scarred”)