épaissir
French
Etymology
épais + -ir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.pɛ.siʁ/, /e.pe.siʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
épaissir
- to thicken, get/make thicker
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of épaissir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | épaissir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | épaississant /e.pɛ.si.sɑ̃/ or /e.pe.si.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | épaissi /e.pɛ.si/ or /e.pe.si/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | épaissis /e.pɛ.si/ or /e.pe.si/ | épaissis /e.pɛ.si/ or /e.pe.si/ | épaissit /e.pɛ.si/ or /e.pe.si/ | épaississons /e.pɛ.si.sɔ̃/ or /e.pe.si.sɔ̃/ | épaississez /e.pɛ.si.se/ or /e.pe.si.se/ | épaississent /e.pɛ.sis/ or /e.pe.sis/ |
| imperfect | épaississais /e.pɛ.si.sɛ/ or /e.pe.si.sɛ/ | épaississais /e.pɛ.si.sɛ/ or /e.pe.si.sɛ/ | épaississait /e.pɛ.si.sɛ/ or /e.pe.si.sɛ/ | épaississions /e.pɛ.si.sjɔ̃/ or /e.pe.si.sjɔ̃/ | épaississiez /e.pɛ.si.sje/ or /e.pe.si.sje/ | épaississaient /e.pɛ.si.sɛ/ or /e.pe.si.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | épaissis /e.pɛ.si/ or /e.pe.si/ | épaissis /e.pɛ.si/ or /e.pe.si/ | épaissit /e.pɛ.si/ or /e.pe.si/ | épaissîmes /e.pɛ.sim/ or /e.pe.sim/ | épaissîtes /e.pɛ.sit/ or /e.pe.sit/ | épaissirent /e.pɛ.siʁ/ or /e.pe.siʁ/ | |
| future | épaissirai /e.pɛ.si.ʁe/ or /e.pe.si.ʁe/ | épaissiras /e.pɛ.si.ʁa/ or /e.pe.si.ʁa/ | épaissira /e.pɛ.si.ʁa/ or /e.pe.si.ʁa/ | épaissirons /e.pɛ.si.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.pe.si.ʁɔ̃/ | épaissirez /e.pɛ.si.ʁe/ or /e.pe.si.ʁe/ | épaissiront /e.pɛ.si.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.pe.si.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | épaissirais /e.pɛ.si.ʁɛ/ or /e.pe.si.ʁɛ/ | épaissirais /e.pɛ.si.ʁɛ/ or /e.pe.si.ʁɛ/ | épaissirait /e.pɛ.si.ʁɛ/ or /e.pe.si.ʁɛ/ | épaissirions /e.pɛ.si.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.pe.si.ʁjɔ̃/ | épaissiriez /e.pɛ.si.ʁje/ or /e.pe.si.ʁje/ | épaissiraient /e.pɛ.si.ʁɛ/ or /e.pe.si.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | épaississe /e.pɛ.sis/ or /e.pe.sis/ | épaississes /e.pɛ.sis/ or /e.pe.sis/ | épaississe /e.pɛ.sis/ or /e.pe.sis/ | épaississions /e.pɛ.si.sjɔ̃/ or /e.pe.si.sjɔ̃/ | épaississiez /e.pɛ.si.sje/ or /e.pe.si.sje/ | épaississent /e.pɛ.sis/ or /e.pe.sis/ |
| imperfect2 | épaississe /e.pɛ.sis/ or /e.pe.sis/ | épaississes /e.pɛ.sis/ or /e.pe.sis/ | épaissît /e.pɛ.si/ or /e.pe.si/ | épaississions /e.pɛ.si.sjɔ̃/ or /e.pe.si.sjɔ̃/ | épaississiez /e.pɛ.si.sje/ or /e.pe.si.sje/ | épaississent /e.pɛ.sis/ or /e.pe.sis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | épaissis /e.pɛ.si/ or /e.pe.si/ | — | épaississons /e.pɛ.si.sɔ̃/ or /e.pe.si.sɔ̃/ | épaississez /e.pɛ.si.se/ or /e.pe.si.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- épaississement
Further reading
- “épaissir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.