ég
See also: Appendix:Variations of "eg"
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈeːɡ]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ég
- Rhymes: -eːɡ
Etymology 1
From Proto-Ugric *θäŋkĭ, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *säŋe. Cognates are limited to Baltic-Finnic (e.g. Finnish sää (“weather”)) and Komi-Permyak сынӧд (synöd, “warm air”).[1][2]
Noun
ég (countable and uncountable, plural egek)
- sky (the part of the atmosphere which can be seen above a specific place)
- Synonym: égbolt
- 1937, László Balás-Piri, “A múzeum képtára”, in Székesfehérvári Szemle, volume 7, number 3–4:
- A halvány kék égen fehér felhők vonulnak.
- White clouds are marching across the pale blue sky.
- (also in the plural) heaven (the abode of God and of the blessed dead)
- Synonym: menny
- 1908, Grazia Deledda; Mrs. Károly Sebestyén (translator), chapter 4, in A repkény:
- Ha van Isten az égben, úgy meg fog nekünk bocsátani.
- If there is a God in heaven, He will forgive us.
- (by extension, in set phrases) heaven as a replacement for God (the supreme being and principal object of faith in Christianity)
- Synonyms: Isten, isten
- 1899, Lenke Bajza Beniczky, chapter 8, in Sára története:
- Hála az égnek, hogy megszabadulunk tőlük.
- Thank heavens we'll be rid of them.
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ég | egek |
| accusative | eget | egeket |
| dative | égnek | egeknek |
| instrumental | éggel | egekkel |
| causal-final | égért | egekért |
| translative | éggé | egekké |
| terminative | égig | egekig |
| essive-formal | égként | egekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | égben | egekben |
| superessive | égen | egeken |
| adessive | égnél | egeknél |
| illative | égbe | egekbe |
| sublative | égre | egekre |
| allative | éghez | egekhez |
| elative | égből | egekből |
| delative | égről | egekről |
| ablative | égtől | egektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | égé | egeké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | égéi | egekéi |
| Possessive forms of ég | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | egem | egeim |
| 2nd person sing. | eged | egeid |
| 3rd person sing. | ege | egei |
| 1st person plural | egünk | egeink |
| 2nd person plural | egetek | egeitek |
| 3rd person plural | egük | egeik |
Derived terms
- égi
Compound words
- ég-föld
- éggömb
- éghajlat
- égöv
- égtáj
- égzengés
Expressions
- a jó ég tudja
- az ég szerelmére
- derült égből villámcsapás
- eget-földet megmozgat
- ég és föld a különbség
- égnek áll
- ég veled
- hála az égnek
- jóságos ég
- szent ég
Etymology 2
Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *äŋɜ- (“fire; to burn”).[3]
Verb
ég
- (intransitive) to burn, to be on fire (to be consumed by fire, or in flames)
- 1918, Cécile Tormay, Viaszfigurák:
- Nem messze tőle, egy kicsiny tűz égett az erdő szélén.
- Not far away, a small fire was burning at the edge of the forest.
- (intransitive) to be switched on, to be lit (of a source of illumination, to produce light)
- 1906, Dezső Kosztolányi, “Ősz felé”, in Aranyfonál:
- Mikor hazafelé jöttem, már minden házban égett a lámpa.
- When I was coming home, the lights were already on in every house.
-
- (intransitive) to be hot, to burn (of skin, to become hot due to fever or an emotional state)
- 2011, István Krausz, “Egy fedél alatt”, in Örökölt küzdelem:
- Rohantunk hazáig, a gyerek égett a láztól, és félrebeszélt.
- We ran home, the child was burning with fever and delirious.
-
- (intransitive, by extension, slang) to be embarrassed, to feel ashamed (to have a feeling of shameful discomfort)
- 2015, Tibor Csákány, “A Hold leánya”, in Ahol a fák is sírnak:
- Nagyot égtem volna, ha mindenki szeme láttára elterülök.
- I would have been really embarrassed if I had fallen flat on my face in front of everyone.
-
- (intransitive) to sting, to burn (to produce a burning sensation)
- 1940, László Mosonyi, “B-avitaminosisok hazánkban”, in Orvosi Hetilap, volume 84, number 36:
- Fűszeres ételre, paprikára nyelve égni kezd.
- Her tongue starts burning upon eating spicy food or peppers.
-
- (intransitive, figurative) to be burning with (to feel an ardent emotion or desire)
- 1929, Alexandre Dumas; Gyula Szini (translator), chapter 19, in Bragelonne vicomte, volume I:
- Égek a kíváncsiságtól, hogy megtudjam a részleteket!
- I'm burning with curiosity to know the details.
-
Conjugation
conjugation of ég
| 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal | 1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood | Present | Indef. | égek | égsz | ég | égünk | égtek | égnek |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | |||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | égtem | égtél | égett | égtünk | égtetek | égtek | |
| Def. | ― | |||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood | Present | Indef. | égnék | égnél | égne | égnénk | égnétek | égnének |
| Def. | ― | |||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | |||||||
| Subjunctive mood | Present | Indef. | égjek | égj or égjél | égjen | égjünk | égjetek | égjenek |
| Def. | ― | |||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | |||||||
| Infinitive | égni | égnem | égned | égnie | égnünk | égnetek | égniük | |
| Other nonfinite verb forms | Verbal noun | Present participle | Past participle | Future part. | Adverbial part. | Potential | ||
| égés | égő | égett | ― | égve | éghet | |||
Derived terms
- éget
- égés
- éghetetlen
- égő
(With verbal prefixes):
- átég
- beég
- beleég
- bennég
- elég
- felég
- hozzáég
- keresztülég
- kiég
- leég
- megég
- odaég
- ottég
- összeég
- ráég
- végigég
Expressions
- ég a keze alatt a munka
- körmére ég
- lázban ég
References
- Entry #879 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
- ég in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- Entry #45 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
Further reading
- ég in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
- (sky): ég in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to burn): ég in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Alternative forms
- jeg (before je → é reform)
- eg (archaic, poetic)
- ek (very archaic)
Etymology
The Icelandic pronoun continues Old Norse ek, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. The pronoun is attested, in Proto-Norse inscriptions, since at least the 3rd century.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jɛɣ/, [jɛːɣ̊]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛːɣ
Pronoun
ég
- I (first-person singular pronoun)
- 1584, Guðbrandsbiblía, Genesis 1.29 (orthography as in the 1899 printing and the 1908 printing):
- Og Guð sagði: sjá, eg gef ykkur alls konar sáðberandi jurtir […]
- Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant […] ” (NIV)
- Og Guð sagði: sjá, eg gef ykkur alls konar sáðberandi jurtir […]
- 1656-59, Passíusálmar (Passion Hymns), hymn 1, verse 1 (orthography as in the 1887 printing):
- Upp, upp, mín sál og allt mitt geð,
- upp mitt hjarta og rómur með,
- hugur og tunga hjálpi til.
- herrans pínu ég minnast vil.
- translation by William Charles Green:
- Up, up, my soul and all my mind,
- Up, O my heart and voice combined;
- Help, thought and tongue; for I would fain
- Wake memory of our Lord's dear pain.
- translation published in Parergon, issues 1–13 (1971), page 31:
- Up, up my soul and all my mind,
- up my heart and voice as well.
- Thought and tongue help out.
- I intend to remember the Lord's suffering.
- translation by William Charles Green:
- 1800-1840, Bjarni Thorarensen, Solatium:
- Kvíði ég ei dauða,
- konulaus maður,
- 2000, Arnaldur Indriðason, Mýrin, page 59:
- — Þekki ég þig? sagði hann. Um hvað ertu að tala? Hver ertu?
- — Ég heiti Erlendur. Ég er að rannsaka morð á manni að nafni Holberg í Reykjavík.
- Jar City: A Reykjavík Thriller, translation by Bernard Scudder:
- "Do I know you?" he said. "What are you talking about? Who are you?"
- "My name’s [=I am called] Erlendur. I’m investigating the murder of a man from Reykjavik by the name of Holberg."
- Jar City: A Reykjavík Thriller, translation by Bernard Scudder:
- 1584, Guðbrandsbiblía, Genesis 1.29 (orthography as in the 1899 printing and the 1908 printing):
Declension
Icelandic personal pronouns
| Icelandic personal pronouns | ||||||
| singular | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter | |
| nominative | ég, eg†, ek† | þú | hann | hún, hon†, hón† | það, þat† | |
| accusative | mig, mik† | þig, þik† | hann | hana | það, þat† | |
| dative | mér | þér | honum, hánum† | henni | því | |
| genitive | mín | þín | hans | hennar | þess | |
| plural | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter | |
| nominative | við | þið, þit† | þeir | þær | þau | |
| accusative | okkur | ykkur | þá | þær | þau | |
| dative | okkur | ykkur | þeim | þeim | þeim | |
| genitive | okkar | ykkar | þeirra | þeirra | þeirra | |
Derived terms
- ég elska þig
- þetta er hebreska fyrir mér
- gleym-mér-ei
- gemmér
References
- Icelandic Online Dictionary and Readings „ég“