éculer
French
Etymology
From é- + cul + -er.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.ky.le/
Audio (file)
Verb
éculer
- to damage or remove the bottom of something; particularly the sole of a shoe
Conjugation
Conjugation of éculer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | éculer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | éculant /e.ky.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | éculé /e.ky.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | écule /e.kyl/ | écules /e.kyl/ | écule /e.kyl/ | éculons /e.ky.lɔ̃/ | éculez /e.ky.le/ | éculent /e.kyl/ |
| imperfect | éculais /e.ky.lɛ/ | éculais /e.ky.lɛ/ | éculait /e.ky.lɛ/ | éculions /e.ky.ljɔ̃/ | éculiez /e.ky.lje/ | éculaient /e.ky.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | éculai /e.ky.le/ | éculas /e.ky.la/ | écula /e.ky.la/ | éculâmes /e.ky.lam/ | éculâtes /e.ky.lat/ | éculèrent /e.ky.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | éculerai /e.kyl.ʁe/ | éculeras /e.kyl.ʁa/ | éculera /e.kyl.ʁa/ | éculerons /e.kyl.ʁɔ̃/ | éculerez /e.kyl.ʁe/ | éculeront /e.kyl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | éculerais /e.kyl.ʁɛ/ | éculerais /e.kyl.ʁɛ/ | éculerait /e.kyl.ʁɛ/ | éculerions /e.ky.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ | éculeriez /e.ky.lə.ʁje/ | éculeraient /e.kyl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | écule /e.kyl/ | écules /e.kyl/ | écule /e.kyl/ | éculions /e.ky.ljɔ̃/ | éculiez /e.ky.lje/ | éculent /e.kyl/ |
| imperfect2 | éculasse /e.ky.las/ | éculasses /e.ky.las/ | éculât /e.ky.la/ | éculassions /e.ky.la.sjɔ̃/ | éculassiez /e.ky.la.sje/ | éculassent /e.ky.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | écule /e.kyl/ | — | éculons /e.ky.lɔ̃/ | éculez /e.ky.le/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- éculé
Further reading
- “éculer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- recule, reculé, ulcère, ulcéré