écorcer
French
Etymology
From Old French escorcier, a derivative of écorce (“bark”) + -er. Distantly related to écorcher.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.kɔʁ.se/
Audio (file)
Verb
écorcer
- to debark, to strip the bark from a tree
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of écorcer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | écorcer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | écorçant /e.kɔʁ.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | écorcé /e.kɔʁ.se/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | écorce /e.kɔʁs/ | écorces /e.kɔʁs/ | écorce /e.kɔʁs/ | écorçons /e.kɔʁ.sɔ̃/ | écorcez /e.kɔʁ.se/ | écorcent /e.kɔʁs/ |
imperfect | écorçais /e.kɔʁ.sɛ/ | écorçais /e.kɔʁ.sɛ/ | écorçait /e.kɔʁ.sɛ/ | écorcions /e.kɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ | écorciez /e.kɔʁ.sje/ | écorçaient /e.kɔʁ.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | écorçai /e.kɔʁ.se/ | écorças /e.kɔʁ.sa/ | écorça /e.kɔʁ.sa/ | écorçâmes /e.kɔʁ.sam/ | écorçâtes /e.kɔʁ.sat/ | écorcèrent /e.kɔʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
future | écorcerai /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ | écorceras /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ | écorcera /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ | écorcerons /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | écorcerez /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ | écorceront /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | écorcerais /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | écorcerais /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | écorcerait /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | écorcerions /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ | écorceriez /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁje/ | écorceraient /e.kɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | écorce /e.kɔʁs/ | écorces /e.kɔʁs/ | écorce /e.kɔʁs/ | écorcions /e.kɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ | écorciez /e.kɔʁ.sje/ | écorcent /e.kɔʁs/ |
imperfect2 | écorçasse /e.kɔʁ.sas/ | écorçasses /e.kɔʁ.sas/ | écorçât /e.kɔʁ.sa/ | écorçassions /e.kɔʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ | écorçassiez /e.kɔʁ.sa.sje/ | écorçassent /e.kɔʁ.sas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | écorce /e.kɔʁs/ | — | écorçons /e.kɔʁ.sɔ̃/ | écorcez /e.kɔʁ.se/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- écorceur
Further reading
- “écorcer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.