échanger
French
Etymology
From Old French eschangier, from Vulgar Latin *excambiāre, present active infinitive of *excambiō (from Latin ex with Late Latin cambiō).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/
audio (file)
Verb
échanger
- to exchange, to swap
- Ces personnes ont échangé des vues sur la question sans parvenir à se mettre d’accord.
- These people exchanged views on the question without reaching agreement.
- Après avoir échangé quelques politesses, nous en vînmes à l’objet de notre entrevue.
- After having exchanged some pleasantries, we came to the point of our interview.
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written échange- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of échanger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | échanger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | échangeant /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | échangé /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ | échanges /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ | échangeons /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ | échangez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ | échangent /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect | échangeais /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | échangeais /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | échangeait /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | échangions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ | échangiez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒje/ | échangeaient /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | échangeai /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ | échangeas /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa/ | échangea /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa/ | échangeâmes /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒam/ | échangeâtes /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒat/ | échangèrent /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | échangerai /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ | échangeras /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ | échangera /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ | échangerons /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | échangerez /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ | échangeront /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | échangerais /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | échangerais /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | échangerait /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | échangerions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | échangeriez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ | échangeraient /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ | échanges /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ | échangions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ | échangiez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒje/ | échangent /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | échangeasse /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒas/ | échangeasses /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒas/ | échangeât /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa/ | échangeassions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | échangeassiez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa.sje/ | échangeassent /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ | — | échangeons /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ | échangez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- échange
Further reading
- “échanger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.