éblouir
French
Etymology
From Middle French esblouir, from Old French esbleuir (“to dazzle”), from Medieval Latin *exblaudō (“I dazzle”, verb), from ex- + *blaudō (“I overwhelm, I make someone weak”, verb), from Frankish *blōthijan, *blauthijan (“to overcome, make weak”), from Proto-Germanic *blauþijaną (“to make weak, make void, soften”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlaw- (“weak, frightened, timid”). Cognate with Old High German blōdi (“sluggish, feeble, physically weak”) ( > German blöde), Old English blēaþ (“gentle, timid, peaceful, inactive”), Danish blød (“soft”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.blu.iʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
éblouir
- (transitive, also figuratively) to dazzle
- 1894, Émile Zola, Les trois villes: Lourdes:
- Alors, toute une grande clarté monta, éblouit Pierre. Il était la raison, il protestait contre la glorification de l'absurde et la déchéance du sens commun.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 2017 January 30, Lisa Burek, “« Hacker la ville », ou comment se réapproprier l’espace urbain”, in Le Monde:
- Un « bonnet infrarouge » bricolé à l’aide de LED et de deux projecteurs pour éblouir les caméras de surveillance […] Avec cinquante idées […] le livre Hacker Citizen, de Goeffrey Dorne, se présente comme un « guide de survie en milieu urbain ».
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
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Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
| infinitive | simple | éblouir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | éblouissant /e.blu.i.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | ébloui /e.blu.i/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | éblouis /e.blu.i/ | éblouis /e.blu.i/ | éblouit /e.blu.i/ | éblouissons /e.blu.i.sɔ̃/ | éblouissez /e.blu.i.se/ | éblouissent /e.blu.is/ |
| imperfect | éblouissais /e.blu.i.sɛ/ | éblouissais /e.blu.i.sɛ/ | éblouissait /e.blu.i.sɛ/ | éblouissions /e.blu.i.sjɔ̃/ | éblouissiez /e.blu.i.sje/ | éblouissaient /e.blu.i.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | éblouis /e.blu.i/ | éblouis /e.blu.i/ | éblouit /e.blu.i/ | éblouîmes /e.blu.im/ | éblouîtes /e.blu.it/ | éblouirent /e.blu.iʁ/ | |
| future | éblouirai /e.blu.i.ʁe/ | éblouiras /e.blu.i.ʁa/ | éblouira /e.blu.i.ʁa/ | éblouirons /e.blu.i.ʁɔ̃/ | éblouirez /e.blu.i.ʁe/ | éblouiront /e.blu.i.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | éblouirais /e.blu.i.ʁɛ/ | éblouirais /e.blu.i.ʁɛ/ | éblouirait /e.blu.i.ʁɛ/ | éblouirions /e.blu.i.ʁjɔ̃/ | éblouiriez /e.blu.i.ʁje/ | éblouiraient /e.blu.i.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | éblouisse /e.blu.is/ | éblouisses /e.blu.is/ | éblouisse /e.blu.is/ | éblouissions /e.blu.i.sjɔ̃/ | éblouissiez /e.blu.i.sje/ | éblouissent /e.blu.is/ |
| imperfect2 | éblouisse /e.blu.is/ | éblouisses /e.blu.is/ | éblouît /e.blu.i/ | éblouissions /e.blu.i.sjɔ̃/ | éblouissiez /e.blu.i.sje/ | éblouissent /e.blu.is/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | éblouis /e.blu.i/ | — | éblouissons /e.blu.i.sɔ̃/ | éblouissez /e.blu.i.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- éblouissant
- éblouissement
Further reading
- “éblouir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- boulier, oublier