-ák
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ak" and -iak
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈaːk]
audio (file)
Suffix
-ák m
- grader (noun suffix denoting a grade)
- osmý + -ák → osmák
- from nouns forms nouns that indicate the referent is characterized by or relating to the base noun
- kříž + -ák → křižák
- from adjectives forms nouns that indicate the referent has the property denoted by the base adjective
- chytrý + -ák → chytrák
Declension
inanimate declension:
Declension of -ák
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ák | -áky |
| genitive | -áku | -áků |
| dative | -áku | -ákům |
| accusative | -ák | -áky |
| vocative | -áku | -áky |
| locative | -áku | -ácích |
| instrumental | -ákem | -áky |
animate declension:
Declension of -ák
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ák | -ákové, -áci |
| genitive | -áka | -áků |
| dative | -ákovi, -áku | -ákům |
| accusative | -áka | -áky |
| vocative | -áku | -ákové, -áci |
| locative | -ákovi, -áku | -ácích, -ákach |
| instrumental | -ákem | -áky |
Derived terms
Czech terms suffixed with -ák
Related terms
suffix denoting grade
- prvňák
- druhák
- třeťák
- čtvrťák
- šesťák
- sedmák
- osmák
- deváťák
suffix
- autobusák
- bubák
- cloumák
- čurák
- hasák
- honák
- chytrák
- kejhák
- koumák
- mazák
- mindrák
- modrák
- rošťák
- silák
- svěrák
- tahák
- trhák
- tulák
- uherák
- uhlák
- vazák
Further reading
- -ák in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-akъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [aːk]
Suffix
-ák m
- An agentive suffix.
- spievať + -ák → spevák
- dívať sa + -ák → divák
- Used to form the name of the brearer of a property from an adjective.
- chudý + -ák → chudák
- A suffix denoting that someone is pertaining to a grade or a class, -grader
- štvrtý + -ák → štvrták
- A colloquial or slang suffix for univerbation of a noun phrase with adjective.
- bombardovacie lietadlo + -ák → bombarďák
- Used to form a demonym, mainly in case of regions and nations.
- Liptov + -ák → Lipták
- Slovensko + -ák → Slovák
- Used to form a tool names.
- vŕtať + -ák → vrták
- An expressive, depreciative suffix.
- chlap + -ák → chlapák
- An archaic suffix to create augmentative or depreciative forms of given names.
- Ján + -ák → Janák
- A fictive suffix to adapt male forms of some borrowings.
- bosorka + -ák → bosorák
Declension
- Declension in case of an inanimate noun according to the declension pattern dub:
Declension of -ák
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ák | -áky |
| genitive | -áka | -ákov |
| dative | -áku | -ákom |
| accusative | -ák | -áky |
| locative | -áku | -ákoch |
| instrumental | -ákom | -ákmi |
- Declension in case of an animate noun according to the declension pattern chlap:
Declension of -ák
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ák | -áci |
| genitive | -áka | -ákov |
| dative | -ákovi | -ákom |
| accusative | -áka | -ákov |
| locative | -ákovi | -ákoch |
| instrumental | -ákom | -ákmi |
Derived terms
Slovak terms suffixed with -ák
Related terms
- -iak (“alternative form of -ák after roots in a (historically) soft or palatalizeable consonant”)
- -áčka ~ -iačka
- -čiak ~ -čák
- -niak
Further reading
- Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152
- -ák in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk