znf

Egyptian

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *ʒin- with an uncertain suffix -f, according to Orel and Stolbova’s very tentative reconstruction.[1] If so, perhaps cognate with West Chadic *ʒin- (“blood”), whence Hausa jini.

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /zɛnɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: zenef

For the noun:

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ziˈnaf/ → /siˈnaf/ → /səˈnaf/

Noun

m

blood

Inflection

Declension of znf (masculine)

singular	znf
dual	znfwj
plural	znfw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of znf

znf

znfw

Descendants

Demotic: ⁠⁠ (snf)
- Coptic: ⲥⲛⲟϥ (snof) – Sahidic, Bohairic, Fayyumic, ⲥⲛⲁϥ (snaf) – Akhmimic, Fayyumic

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to bleed

Inflection

Conjugation of znf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: znf, geminated stem: znff

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
znf	znfw, znf	znft	znf	znf

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
znf	ḥr znf	m znf	r znf

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	znf.n	consecutive	znf.jn
terminative	znft	consecutive	znf.jn
perfective³	znf	obligative¹	znf.ḫr
imperfective	znf	obligative¹	znf.ḫr
prospective³	znf	potentialis¹	znf.kꜣ
subjunctive	znf	potentialis¹	znf.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	znf.n	—	—
perfective	znf	znf	znf, znfw⁵, znfy⁵
imperfective	znf, znfy, znfw⁵	znf, znfj⁶, znfy⁶	znf, znfw⁵
prospective	znf, znftj⁷	znftj⁴, znft⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of znf

znf

References

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 459.2–459.15
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 232

Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*ʒin-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 2626, page 546

[1] Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*ʒin-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 2626, page 546