ziema

ziema

See also: ziemā, žiema, and žiemą

Latvian

Ziema

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ[1], from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [zìɛma]

Noun

ziema f (4th declension)

1. winter (season of the year between autumn and spring, from December 23 to March 22 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by the lowest yearly temperatures)

   auksta, barga ziema ― cold, harsh winter

   maiga ziema ― mild winter

   bezsniega ziema ― snowless winter

   iestājas ziema ― winter has begun

   ziemas vakars ― winter evening, night

   nākamajā ziemā ― (in) next winter

   dziļa ziema ― deep winter (i.e., with a lot of snow)

   ziemas saulgrieži ― winter solstice

   pēc garās ziemas, kas bija sākusies novembrī un vēl aprīlī negribēja aiziet, atnāca pavasaris, jo nav tādas ziemas, kurai reiz nesekotu pavasaris ― after a long winter that had started in November and in April still didn't want to go, came spring, because there is no such thing as winter which is not followed by spring

2. (in the genetive, used adjectivally) winter, typical of winter, used in winter

   Ziemassvētki ― Christmas (lit. winter holiday, festival)

   ziemas dārzs ― winter garden (a room for plants in the house)

   ziemas guļa ― hibernation (lit. winter sleep)

   ziemas sports ― winter sports

   ziemas olimpiskās spēles ― winter olympic games

   ziemas mētelis ― winter coat

   ziemas riepas ― winter tires (for driving on snow or ice)

   ziemas kvieši ― winter wheat (sown in autumn, mature the next year)

   ziemas āboli ― winter apples (those that mature in autumn)

   apaudzis biezu ziemas spalvu, suns izskatījās lielāks nekā toreiz, kad mežā to atstāja likteņā ziņā ― having grown a thick winter fur, the dog looked bigger than the time when he was left to his fate in the forest

Declension

Declension of ziema (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	ziema	ziemas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	ziemu	ziemas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	ziemas	ziemu
dative (datīvs)	ziemai	ziemām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	ziemu	ziemām
locative (lokatīvs)	ziemā	ziemās
vocative (vokatīvs)	ziema	ziemas

Derived terms

• šoziem, toziem
• Ziemassvētki
• ziemīgs

Related terms

• ziemot

See also

• gadalaiks
• sezona

(seasons) četri gadalaiki; pavasaris, vasara, rudens, ziema ^{(Category: lv:Seasons)}

References

1. Kim, Ronald (2018), “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook of Language Comparison and the Reconstruction of Indo-European‎, Berlin: de Gruyter
2. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ziema”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN