-ZHIIZH

-ZHIIZH

See also: -zhiizh

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *džičʼ (“to dance”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna ʼscʼaldziitsʼ (“we danced”).

Occurs in Navajo in a number of disparate meanings, of uncertain derivation.

Root

-ZHIIZH

  1. to poke, to jab, to stick

Theme	Category	Bases	Reflexive / Reciprocal (+d)
O + ł	successive	S pokes O Motion: yishíísh (Ø-MOM) adzishíísh haishíísh naʼashiish (CONT) yíʼooshish (PROG) Successive: adishish (iter.) yóshíísh (yíní-, repetitive) yííníishíísh (yíníi-, semelfactive) néinishish (SER) yiyiishish (SEM)	S pokes self / each other   ádílzhíísh — — — —   — ahólzhíísh — náʼádinilzhish ádiilzhish

  2. to rise, to increase, to reach a level

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
l	motion	S rises dilzhíísh (Ø-MOM) haalzhíísh nálzhíísh niilzhíísh (ni-MOM) yilzhíísh (PROG)

  3. to dance

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
ʼa + l	operative-motion	S dances — (Ø-MOM) eʼelzhíísh adilzhíísh adiilzhíísh hadíʼnílzhíísh (“too long”) haʼalzhíísh iʼniilzhíísh ńdíʼnílzhíísh (“good start”) yisdáʼálzhíísh dzidilzhíísh (jidizhni-, “good at”) ílzhíísh (ni-MOM) chʼíʼílzhíísh niʼílzhíísh naʼalzhiish (CONT) oolzhíísh (PROG) alzhish (DUR)

  4. time passes

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
ho + l	motion	time passes halzhíísh (Ø-MOM) ahalzhíísh hodilzhíísh hahalzhíísh táhodilzhíísh hoolzhíísh (ni-MOM) chʼíhoolzhíísh nihoolzhíísh nahashzhiizh (CONT, perf.) hoolzhish (PROG)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-zhíísh	-zhiizh	-zhish	-zhish	-zhíísh
CONT	-zhiish	-zhiizh	-zhish	-zhish	-zhiish
REP	-zhish	-zhiizh	-zhish	-zhish	-zhish
SEM	-zhish	-zhish	-zhish	-zhish	-zhish

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to poke, to jab:

• -GEED
• -KAI
• -TSI

to increase:

• -ʼĄĄD
• -LĄĄD
• -YĄ́

to dance:

• -DAAʼ

time passes:

• -ʼĄ́
• -DĄĄD
• -HAI
• -KĄ́
• -KID
• -ZHĮ́
• -ZID

 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (poke)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (rise)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (dance)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (time passes)