ze
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ə
Article
ze
- Nonstandard spelling of the (usually signifying a foreign accent, often French or German).
- 1992, Tristan Jones, Adrift, page 257:
- Then one French-American sous-chef, still in his white kitchen gear, climbed down from the cockpit, where he had been inspecting the cabin, peering inside, murmuring, "wonderfool–wonderfool, ze workmansheep!"
- Synonym: za
- 1992, Tristan Jones, Adrift, page 257:
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ziː/
- Rhymes: -iː
Pronoun
ze
- (rare, nonstandard) a gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to singular they, and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
- 1996 June, Sullivan, Caitlin; Bornstein, Kate, Nearly Roadkill: an Infobahn erotic adventure, New York: Serpent's Tail, →ISBN, LCCN 95072971, OL 820831M, LCC PS3569.U3449 N43 1996, page 10:
- But I do know what sex ze is. It used to influence me. But now I talk to hir like a normal person. I mean, without thinking about what ze is.
- 1997 December 18, Bornstein, Kate, My Gender Workbook: How to Become a Real Man, a Real Woman, the Real You, or Something Else Entirely, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, LCCN 98134184, OL 7495768M, LCC HQ1075.B69 1998, page 130:
- A case in point is Tula, a transgendered woman who for years lived well as a model and actress until ze was outed in both national and international media.
- 2006 March 22, Feinberg, Leslie, Drag King Dreams, New York: Carroll & Graf, →ISBN, LCCN 2006297545, OL 17890120M, LCC PS3556.E427 D73 2006, page 205:
- Ze takes my right hand in hirs and folds it into a fist.
- 2010 October 12, Lopez, Erika, The Girl Must Die: A Monster Girl Memoir, Hicken, Jeffrey, San Francisco: Monster Girl Media, →ISBN, LCCN 21010902427, page 143:
- Ze changed hir name to one of those New Testament names, and re-fashioned hirself into a soft, puffy, half-finished hermaphrodite nicknamed, The Pop n' Fresh Doe.
- 2011 March 15, Locke, M. J., Up Against It, New York: Tor, →ISBN, LCCN 2010036538, OL 24494916M, LCC PS3612.O249 U7 2011, page 361:
- Hir face was implacable, but ze dashed away in tears.
-
Usage notes
- The genderqueer community are the primary proponents of ze. One refers to a person with ze and hir or zir typically (a) when their gender is unknown, and one wishes to avoid assuming their gender, or (b) when they are neither male nor female in gender, making he and she (and also either/or terms like s/he or (s)he) inappropriate and potentially hurtful.
Synonyms
- see Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns
Coordinate terms
- hir, hirs, hirself
- zir, zirs, zirself
See also
- other attested gender-neutral pronouns
Noun
ze (plural zes)
- The name of the Cyrillic script letter З / з.
Anagrams
- EZ, Ez.
Albanian
Etymology
A Gheg dialect word, of unclear origin.
Noun
ze f (indefinite plural ze, definite singular zeja, definite plural zejet)
- soul
Related terms
- zemër
Aukan
Etymology
From Dutch zee (“sea”).
Noun
ze
- the sea, the ocean
References
- Aukan-English Dictionary (SIL)
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s̻e/, [s̻e̞]
Noun
ze inan
- The name of the Latin-script letter C.
Declension
Declension of ze (inanimate, ending in vowel) | |||
---|---|---|---|
indefinite | singular | plural | |
absolutive | ze | zea | zeak |
ergative | zek | zeak | zeek |
dative | zeri | zeari | zeei |
genitive | zeren | zearen | zeen |
comitative | zerekin | zearekin | zeekin |
causative | zerengatik | zearengatik | zeengatik |
benefactive | zerentzat | zearentzat | zeentzat |
instrumental | zez | zeaz | zeez |
inessive | zetan | zean | zeetan |
locative | zetako | zeko | zeetako |
allative | zetara | zera | zeetara |
terminative | zetaraino | zeraino | zeetaraino |
directive | zetarantz | zerantz | zeetarantz |
destinative | zetarako | zerako | zeetarako |
ablative | zetatik | zetik | zeetatik |
partitive | zerik | — | — |
prolative | zetzat | — | — |
See also
- (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta
Cimbrian
Etymology 1
From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.
Pronoun
ze
- (Sette Comuni) they
- Synonym: zandare
Inflection
nominative | accusative | dative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | miar | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich | diar |
polite | iart | ach | òich | |
3rd person singular | m | èar, ar | in, en | iime |
f | zi, ze | iar | ||
n | es, is | es, 's | iime | |
1st person plural | bar, bandare | zich | izàndarn | |
2nd person plural | iart, iartàndare, artàndare | òich, ach | ogàndarn | |
3rd person plural | ze, zòi, zandare | zich | innàndarn |
Alternative forms
- se (Luserna)
- zòi
Pronoun
ze
- Alternative form of zi (“she”)
References
- “ze” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈzɛ]
audio (file)
Preposition
ze
- from
Usage notes
This preposition is followed by the genitive case.
Synonyms
- z
Further reading
- ze in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- ze in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zə/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ze
- Rhymes: -ə
Pronoun
ze
- Unstressed form of zij (feminine singular subject)
- Daar zit ze. ― There she is sitting.
- Unstressed form of zij (plural subject)
- Daar zitten ze. ― There they are sitting.
- Unstressed form of haar (feminine singular object)
- Ik zie ze. ― I see her.
- Unstressed form of hen, hun (plural object)
- Ik zie ze. ― I see them.
Usage notes
- In the Netherlands, ze is used as a reduced form of haar chiefly when referring to feminine inanimate things:
- Ik wist de waarheid niet en ik wilde ze ook niet weten.
- I didn’t know the truth and didn’t wish to know it either.
- It is often avoided by using the reduced form h'r or the masculine form hem or the neuter form het or, in formal style, the full form haar.
- In Belgium, ze is usual as a reduced form of haar even when referring to persons (as in the example further above).
- Ze is used in certain short and idiomatic phrases in the imperative wishing one good luck, the most common by far being werk ze (“good luck at work!”).
Inflection
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). | 5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Derived terms
- werk ze
Descendants
- Javindo: se
- Jersey Dutch: zê, sê
Gun
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zé/
Verb
zé
- to take
Haitian Creole
Etymology
From French œufs (“eggs”). In French, the plural form œufs is commonly preceded by a determiner- such as aux, les or mes- whose final s or x is pronounced /z/ before vowels (and is otherwise silent). As a result, œufs was reanalyzed in Haitian Creole as beginning with /z/.
Noun
ze
- egg
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ze/, /zɛ/
Noun
ze (plural ze-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter Z/z.
See also
- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
Japanese
Romanization
ze
- Rōmaji transcription of ぜ
- Rōmaji transcription of ゼ
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zɛ/
Preposition
ze
- Alternative form of z (both meanings; used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)
- Stej bratš ze sotšu. ― They are brother and sister (lit. ‘brother with sister’).
Luxembourgish
Alternative forms
- zu (for the adverb, when stressed)
Etymology
From Middle High German ze, from Old High German zi, from Proto-Germanic *ta, reduced form of *tō, whence Luxembourgish zu and zou.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tse/, [t͡sə]
Audio (file)
Preposition
ze
- to (with a following infinitive)
- De Kaffi ass ze waarm fir ze drénken.
- The coffee is too hot to drink.
- De Kaffi ass ze waarm fir ze drénken.
Adverb
ze
- too (more than enough, when unstressed)
- De Kaffi ass ze waarm fir ze drénken.
- The coffee is too hot to drink.
- De Kaffi ass ze waarm fir ze drénken.
Mandarin
Romanization
ze
- Nonstandard spelling of zé.
- Nonstandard spelling of zè.
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English sǣ.
Noun
ze
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
Descendants
- English: sea
Northern Qiang
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rəj.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tsə/
Noun
ze
- water
References
Zhou Facheng; Sun Hongkai (2010) 汉羌词典 (Han-Qiang cidian) [Chinese-Qiang dictionary], Beijing: 中国文联出版社, →ISBN
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zɛ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛ
- Syllabification: ze
Preposition
ze
- Alternative form of z
Particle
ze
- (colloquial) Alternative form of z
Usage notes
See z.
Further reading
- ze in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ze in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Saterland Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian [Term?], from Proto-West Germanic *sī. Cognates include West Frisian sy and German sie.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zə/
Pronoun
ze
- unstressed form of ju (“she”)
- unstressed form of jo (“they”)
See also
singular | plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
stressed | iek | du | hie | ju | dät | wie | jie | jo |
unstressed | er | ze | et | ze | ||||
objective | mie | die | him | hier | dät | uus | jou | hier |
References
- Marron C. Fort (2015), “ze”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
Turkish
Noun
ze (definite accusative zeyi, plural zeler)
- The name of the Latin-script letter Z.
See also
- (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze
Etymology 2
From Arabic زَاي (zāy).
Noun
ze
- Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ز
Turkmen
Noun
ze (definite accusative [[{{{1}}}#Turkmen|?]], plural [[{{{2}}}#Turkmen|?]])
- The name of the Latin-script letter Z.
White Hmong
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʐe˧/
Adjective
ze
- near
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Relative
-ze?
- naked
- Synonym: -ntswempu
Inflection
Relative concord | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | endize | endingeze | ndize | andize |
2nd singular | oze | ongeze | uze | awuze |
1st plural | esize | esingeze | size | asize |
2nd plural | enize | eningeze | nize | anize |
Class 1 | oze | ongeze | uze | akaze |
Class 2 | abaze | abangeze | baze | abaze |
Class 3 | oze | ongeze | uze | awuze |
Class 4 | eze | engeze | ize | ayize |
Class 5 | elize | elingeze | lize | alize |
Class 6 | aze | angeze | aze | awaze |
Class 7 | esize | esingeze | size | asize |
Class 8 | ezize | ezingeze | zize | azize |
Class 9 | eze | engeze | ize | ayize |
Class 10 | ezize | ezingeze | zize | azize |
Class 11 | oluze | olungeze | luze | aluze |
Class 14 | obuze | obungeze | buze | abuze |
Class 15 | okuze | okungeze | kuze | akuze |
Class 17 | okuze | okungeze | kuze | akuze |
Yola
Verb
ze
- Alternative form of zee (“to see”)
References
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 81
Zazaki
Adverb
ze
- same
Zulu
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /zé/
Relative
-zé
- empty
- naked
Inflection
Relative concord, tone H | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | engize | engingeze | ngize | angize |
2nd singular | oze | ongeze | uze | awuze |
1st plural | esize | esingeze | size | asize |
2nd plural | enize | eningeze | nize | anize |
Class 1 | oze | ongeze | uze | akaze |
Class 2 | abaze | abangeze | baze | abaze |
Class 3 | oze | ongeze | uze | awuze |
Class 4 | eze | engeze | ize | ayize |
Class 5 | elize | elingeze | lize | alize |
Class 6 | aze | angeze | aze | awaze |
Class 7 | esize | esingeze | size | asize |
Class 8 | ezize | ezingeze | zize | azize |
Class 9 | eze | engeze | ize | ayize |
Class 10 | ezize | ezingeze | zize | azize |
Class 11 | oluze | olungeze | luze | aluze |
Class 14 | obuze | obungeze | buze | abuze |
Class 15 | okuze | okungeze | kuze | akuze |
Class 17 | okuze | okungeze | kuze | akuze |
Derived terms
- ize
- ubuze
Etymology 2
From -za (“to come”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ze/
Verb
-ze
- (auxiliary, in positive) until [+subjunctive]
- Sizolinda baze bafike.
- We will wait until they arrive.
- Sakhuluma waze wafika uthisha.
- We talked until the teacher arrived.
- Sizolinda baze bafike.
- (auxiliary, in positive, past) used in exclamations [+subjunctive]
- Waze wamuhle umakoti!
- Oh how beautiful the bride is!
- Waze wamuhle umakoti!
- (auxiliary, in negative, present) never [+potential]
- Angize ngingadla inyama.
- I never eat meat.
- Angize ngingadla inyama.
- (auxiliary, in negative, past) never [+subjunctive]
- Akazange agibele ihhashi.
- He has never ridden a horse.
- Akazange agibele ihhashi.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
References
C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-ze”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ze”