zars

zars

Danish

Noun

zars c

1. indefinite genitive singular of zar

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French

Noun

zars m pl

1. masculine plural of zar

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Latvian

Koku zari

Grābekļa zari

Ķemmes zari

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *žer-, *žar-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to beam, to shine, to glitter”), apparently from an older meaning “beam, branch” (compare *gʰer- (“to have protrusions”)) conserved in Latvian. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal žarà, žãras (“branch, stem, trunk”), Old Prussian sari ([zari], “heat”), Old Church Slavonic заря (zarja), зоря (zorja, “dawn, dusk”), Russian заря́ (zarjá), зоря́ (zorjá), dialectal also “flower, grass, plant,” Bulgarian зора́ (zorá), заря́ (zarjá), Czech zaře, zoře, zora, Polish zorza, archaic zarza.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [zāɾs]

(file)

Noun

zars m (1st declension)

1. branch, twig, spray (part of a plant that grows from the stem or trunk and usually connects it with the leaves; this part together with its leaves and flowers)

   ozola, bērza, palmas zars ― oak, birch, palm branch

   priežu zari ― pine branches

   zaļš egles zars ― green spruce branch

   ziedošs ceriņa zars ― flowering spray of lilac

   kupls zars ― leafy, leaf-covered branch

   kaili zari ― naked (i.e., leafless) branches

   aizdedzināt kadiķa zaru ― to burn a juniper twig

   mest zarus ugunskurā ― to throw branches in the fire

   putns uzmetas uz zara ― a bird alighted on a branch

   lapas birst no koku zariem ― leaves fall off tree branches

   izzāģēt kokiem sausos zarus ― to cut a tree's dry branches off

2. tine, prong, teeth (pointed branching elements in a tool)

   grābekļa, dakšu zari ― rake, fork tines, prongs

   ķemmes zari ― comb teeth

   izlauzt, ielikt grābeklim zaru ― to break, to set a rake tine

3. branch (longitudinally branching part of a whole)

   viens Daugavas zars ― one branch of the Daugava (river)

   Valdgales stacijā sliežu ceļš sadalās trijos zaros ― at Valdagle station the train tracks split off in three branches

4. branch (subgroup, split-off group)

   protestanti dalījās trīs galvenajos zaros: luterāņos, kalvinistos un anglikāņos ― the Protestants split into three major branches: Lutherans, Calvinists and Anglicans

5. branch (part of a family tree)

   straumēnu radniecības koks bija liels, un visos apkārtējos pagastos iespiedās tā zari ― the Straumens family tree was big, its branches pushed into all the surrounding parishes

Declension

Declension of zars (1st declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	zars	zari
accusative (akuzatīvs)	zaru	zarus
genitive (ģenitīvs)	zara	zaru
dative (datīvs)	zaram	zariem
instrumental (instrumentālis)	zaru	zariem
locative (lokatīvs)	zarā	zaros
vocative (vokatīvs)	zar	zari

References

1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “zars”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN