zafar
See also: Zafar
Galician
Alternative forms
- safar
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese çafar (“to vanish”) (13th century), from Andalusian Arabic زَاح ([a]záḥ), from Arabic أَزَاحَ (ʾazāḥa, “to remove; to move to another place”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [za.ˈfaɾ], (western) [sa.ˈfaɾ]
Verb
zafar (first-person singular present zafo, first-person singular preterite zafei, past participle zafado)
- (transitive) to let off, spare, free
- (takes a reflexive pronoun or intransitive) to get out (to come out of a situation)
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to handle oneself
Conjugation
Conjugation of zafar
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | zafar | |||||
| personal | zafar | zafares | zafar | zafarmos | zafardes | zafaren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| zafando | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | zafado | zafados | ||||
| feminine | zafada | zafadas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | zafo | zafas | zafa | zafamos | zafades | zafan |
| imperfect | zafaba | zafabas | zafaba | zafabamos | zafabades | zafaban |
| preterite | zafei | zafaches | zafou | zafamos | zafastes | zafaron |
| pluperfect | zafara | zafaras | zafara | zafaramos | zafarades | zafaran |
| future | zafarei | zafarás | zafará | zafaremos | zafaredes | zafarán |
| conditional | zafaría | zafarías | zafaría | zafariamos | zafariades | zafarían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | zafe | zafes | zafe | zafemos | zafedes | zafen |
| preterite | zafase | zafases | zafase | zafásemos | zafásedes | zafasen |
| future | zafar | zafares | zafar | zafarmos | zafardes | zafaren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | zafa | zafe | zafemos | zafade | zafen |
| negative | – | zafes | zafe | zafemos | zafedes | zafen |
Derived terms
- zafada
- zafado
- zafo
References
- “çafar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “çafa” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “safar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “zafar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “zafar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “zafar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “zafar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Spanish
Etymology
From Andalusian Arabic زَاح ([a]záḥ), from Arabic أَزَاحَ (ʾazāḥa, “to remove; to move to another place”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /θaˈfaɾ/ [θaˈfaɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /saˈfaɾ/ [saˈfaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: za‧far
Verb
zafar (first-person singular present zafo, first-person singular preterite zafé, past participle zafado)
- (transitive) to loosen; to untie
- Synonym: aflojar
- (intransitive, Latin America, followed by "de") to get out of; to dodge (an obligation)
- (reflexive) to come undone; to loosen up
- (reflexive, followed by "de") to free oneself of; to get free of
Conjugation
Conjugation of zafar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | zafar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | zafando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | zafado | zafada | |||||
| plural | zafados | zafadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | zafo | zafastú zafásvos | zafa | zafamos | zafáis | zafan | |
| imperfect | zafaba | zafabas | zafaba | zafábamos | zafabais | zafaban | |
| preterite | zafé | zafaste | zafó | zafamos | zafasteis | zafaron | |
| future | zafaré | zafarás | zafará | zafaremos | zafaréis | zafarán | |
| conditional | zafaría | zafarías | zafaría | zafaríamos | zafaríais | zafarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | zafe | zafestú zafésvos2 | zafe | zafemos | zaféis | zafen | |
| imperfect (ra) | zafara | zafaras | zafara | zafáramos | zafarais | zafaran | |
| imperfect (se) | zafase | zafases | zafase | zafásemos | zafaseis | zafasen | |
| future1 | zafare | zafares | zafare | zafáremos | zafareis | zafaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | zafatú zafávos | zafe | zafemos | zafad | zafen | ||
| negative | no zafes | no zafe | no zafemos | no zaféis | no zafen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of zafar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive zafar | |||||||
| dative | zafarme | zafarte | zafarle, zafarse | zafarnos | zafaros | zafarles, zafarse | |
| accusative | zafarme | zafarte | zafarlo, zafarla, zafarse | zafarnos | zafaros | zafarlos, zafarlas, zafarse | |
| with gerund zafando | |||||||
| dative | zafándome | zafándote | zafándole, zafándose | zafándonos | zafándoos | zafándoles, zafándose | |
| accusative | zafándome | zafándote | zafándolo, zafándola, zafándose | zafándonos | zafándoos | zafándolos, zafándolas, zafándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative zafa | |||||||
| dative | záfame | záfate | záfale | záfanos | not used | záfales | |
| accusative | záfame | záfate | záfalo, záfala | záfanos | not used | záfalos, záfalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative zafá | |||||||
| dative | zafame | zafate | zafale | zafanos | not used | zafales | |
| accusative | zafame | zafate | zafalo, zafala | zafanos | not used | zafalos, zafalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative zafe | |||||||
| dative | záfeme | not used | záfele, záfese | záfenos | not used | záfeles | |
| accusative | záfeme | not used | záfelo, záfela, záfese | záfenos | not used | záfelos, záfelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative zafemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | zafémoste | zafémosle | zafémonos | zafémoos | zafémosles | |
| accusative | not used | zafémoste | zafémoslo, zafémosla | zafémonos | zafémoos | zafémoslos, zafémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative zafad | |||||||
| dative | zafadme | not used | zafadle | zafadnos | zafaos | zafadles | |
| accusative | zafadme | not used | zafadlo, zafadla | zafadnos | zafaos | zafadlos, zafadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative zafen | |||||||
| dative | záfenme | not used | záfenle | záfennos | not used | záfenles, záfense | |
| accusative | záfenme | not used | záfenlo, záfenla | záfennos | not used | záfenlos, záfenlas, záfense | |
Descendants
- → Portuguese: safar
Further reading
- “zafar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Uzbek
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ظَفَر (ẓafar).
Noun
zafar (plural zafarlar)
- victory, triumph
Related terms
- muzaffar