za-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "za"
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *za-. Prefixed form of the preposition za.
Prefix
za-
- Behind, off (out of the field of vision) (used with the preposition za)
- za- + jít → zajít
- Zašel za strom. ― He went behind a tree.
- Slunce zašlo za mraky. ― The sun went behind the clouds.
- Turn aside into, get into
- za- + hnout → zahnout
- za- + bodnout → zabodnout
- za- + milovat (“to love”) → zamilovat se (“fall in love”)
- Nikdy se nechci zamilovat. ― I never want to fall in love.
- Covering by carrying out another activity, cover over, block
- za- + krýt → zakrýt
- za- + balit → zabalit
- za- + růst → zarůst
- za- + malovat → zamalovat
- za- + stínit → zastínit
- Ulice se zalidnily. ― The street got crowded.
- Activity carried our with pleasure (with reflexive si)
- za- + plavat → zaplavat si
- Chci si jít zaplavat. ― I want to go for a swim.
- za- + tančit → zatančit si
- za- + kouřit → zakouřit si
- Immerse in, full devotion to an activity
- za- + poslouchat → zaposlouchat se
- Zaposlouchal se do hudby. ― He immersed himself in the music.
- za- + číst → začíst se
- za- + myslet → zamyslet se
- Nad otázkou se hluboce zamyslel. ― He thought deeply about the question.
- Put away, lose, destroy
- za- + hodit → zahodit
- za- + bít → zabít
- za- + střelit → zastřelit
- za- + dýchat (“to breathe”) → zadýchat se (“to get out of breath”)
- Zadýchám se, když běžím nahoru po schodech. ― I get winded when I run up the stairs.
- Instead of, in place of
- za- + stoupit → zastoupit
- za- + měnit (“to change”) → zaměnit (“to mix up, to swap”)
- Jo, je dobré to trochu zaměnit. ― Yeah, it's good to mix it up.
- (inchoative usage) to begin (not a common usage)
- za- + topit → zatopit
- za- + pálit → zapálit
- Saturation
- Forms adjectives referring to places
- Zakarpatsko — Transcarpathia
- Zakavkazsko — Transcaucasia
Derived terms
Czech terms prefixed with za-
Derived terms
- zabudovat
- začarovat
- zadrhnout
- zahrát
- zaklít
- zakročit
- zalyžovat
- zamávat
- zamluvit
- zamočit
- zamořit
- zamračit
- zamýšlet
- zanést
- zanořit
- zaplavat
- zapojit
- zasklít
- zaskočit
- zaslat
- zasunout
- zazimovat
Further reading
- za-/zá- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *jíá-.
Prefix
za-
- of; class 8 possessive concord.
- of; class 10 possessive concord.
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za-.
Prefix
za-
- Derives verbs of various meanings.
- za- + ślepy → zaślepić
Derived terms
Old Polish terms prefixed with za-
Descendants
- Polish: za-
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish za-, from Proto-Slavic *za-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /za/
Prefix
za-
- Forms perfective semelfactive verbs, usually indicating a thorough or irreversible action
- za- + kryć → zakryć
Derived terms
Polish terms prefixed with za-
Further reading
- za- in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
za- (Cyrillic spelling за-)
- Prefix prepended to adjectives to create an adjective denoting a finished action.
Derived terms
Serbo-Croatian terms prefixed with za-
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *za-. Prefixed form of the preposition za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /za-/
Prefix
za-
- Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
- (no change in meaning)
- za- + čutīti (“to feel”) → začutīti (“to feel”)
- moving behind
- za- + īti (“to go”) → zaíti (“to set (of the sun)”)
- moving into
- za- + brésti (“to wade”) → zabrésti (“to wade into”)
- to begin, to start (inchoative)
- za- + díhati (“to breathe”) → zadíhati (“to start to breathe”)
- in error, to a loss
- za- + īti (“to go”) → zaíti (“to go astray”)
- za- + kọ̑ckati (“to play dice”) → zakọ̑ckati (“to gamble away”)
- (reflexive) for a long time, too long
- za- + govorīti (“to speak”) → zagovorīti (“to talk for a long time/too long”)
- to cover, to fill
- za- + mésti (“to snow”) → zamésti (“to snow in, to cover in snow”)
- (no change in meaning)
Derived terms
Slovene terms prefixed with za-
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *jíá-.
Prefix
za-
- of; class 8 possessive concord.
- of; class 10 possessive concord.
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *jíá-.
Prefix
za-
- of; class 8 possessive concord.
- of; class 10 possessive concord.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *jíá-.
Prefix
za-
- of; class 8 possessive concord.
- of; class 10 possessive concord.
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “za-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “za-”