ysbrydoli
Welsh
Alternative forms
- sbrydoli
Etymology
ysbrydol (“spiritual”) + -i
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /əsbrəˈdɔli/, [əsprəˈdɔli]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /əsbrəˈdoːli/, [əsprəˈdoːli], /əsbrəˈdɔli/, [əsprəˈdɔli]
Verb
ysbrydoli (first-person singular present ysbrydolaf)
- to inspire
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | ysbrydolaf | ysbrydoli | ysbrydola | ysbrydolwn | ysbrydolwch | ysbrydolant | ysbrydolir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | ysbrydolwn | ysbrydolit | ysbrydolai | ysbrydolem | ysbrydolech | ysbrydolent | ysbrydolid | |
| preterite | ysbrydolais | ysbrydolaist | ysbrydolodd | ysbrydolasom | ysbrydolasoch | ysbrydolasant | ysbrydolwyd | |
| pluperfect | ysbrydolaswn | ysbrydolasit | ysbrydolasai | ysbrydolasem | ysbrydolasech | ysbrydolasent | ysbrydolasid, ysbrydolesid | |
| present subjunctive | ysbrydolwyf | ysbrydolych | ysbrydolo | ysbrydolom | ysbrydoloch | ysbrydolont | ysbrydoler | |
| imperative | — | ysbrydola | ysbrydoled | ysbrydolwn | ysbrydolwch | ysbrydolent | ysbrydoler | |
| verbal noun | ysbrydoli | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | ysbrydoledig | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | ysbrydola i, ysbrydolaf i | ysbrydoli di | ysbrydolith o/e/hi, ysbrydoliff e/hi | ysbrydolwn ni | ysbrydolwch chi | ysbrydolan nhw |
| conditional | ysbrydolwn i, ysbrydolswn i | ysbrydolet ti, ysbrydolset ti | ysbrydolai fo/fe/hi, ysbrydolsai fo/fe/hi | ysbrydolen ni, ysbrydolsen ni | ysbrydolech chi, ysbrydolsech chi | ysbrydolen nhw, ysbrydolsen nhw |
| preterite | ysbrydolais i, ysbrydoles i | ysbrydolaist ti, ysbrydolest ti | ysbrydolodd o/e/hi | ysbrydolon ni | ysbrydoloch chi | ysbrydolon nhw |
| imperative | — | ysbrydola | — | — | ysbrydolwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- ysbrydoliaeth
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| ysbrydoli | unchanged | unchanged | hysbrydoli |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950-), “ysbrydolaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies