yfel
See also: yfel-
Old English
Alternative forms
- efel, eofel
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ubilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *upelo-, from *wep- (“bad”). Cognate with Old Frisian evel, Old Saxon uƀil, Old Dutch uvil (Dutch euvel), Old High German ubil (German übel), Gothic 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍃 (ubils) (ubils).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈyfel/, [ˈyvel]
Adjective
yfel (comparative wyrsa, superlative wyrst)
- (West Saxon) bad, unfortunate, inferior
- (West Saxon) bad in a moral sense, evil
Declension
| Weak | Strong | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| case | singular | plural | case | singular | plural | ||||||||
| m | n | f | m | n | f | m | n | f | |||||
| nominative | yf(e)la | yf(e)le | yf(e)le | yf(e)lan | nom. | yfel | yfel | yf(e)lu | yf(e)le | yf(e)lu, -e | yf(e)la, -e | ||
| accusative | yf(e)lan | yf(e)le | yf(e)lan | acc. | yfelne | yfel | yf(e)le | yf(e)le | yf(e)lu, -e | yf(e)la, -e | |||
| genitive | yf(e)lan | yfelra, yf(e)lena | gen. | yf(e)les | yf(e)les | yfelre | yfelra | ||||||
| dative | yf(e)lan | yf(e)lum | dat. | yf(e)lum | yf(e)lum | yfelre | yf(e)lum | ||||||
| instrumental | yf(e)le | ||||||||||||
Descendants
- Middle English: uvel, ivel, evil
- English: evil
- Scots: evil, ewil