xwaya
Xhosa
Verb
-xwaya?
- (transitive) to put on
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From a Khoe language. Compare Nama ǁgoa (“threaten, warn, provoke”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ǁwáːja/
Verb
-xwáya
- (intransitive) to be alert, to be cautious, to be careful, to be safe, to be watchful
- (transitive) to beware of, to watch out for
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuxwaya | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuxwaya | ukungaxwayi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | xwaya | -xwaye | |||||||
Plural | xwayani | -xwayeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaxwaya, ngixwaya | engixwayayo, engixwaya | ngixwaya | angixwayi | engingaxwayi | ngingaxwayi | |||
2nd singular | uyaxwaya, uxwaya | oxwayayo, oxwaya | uxwaya | awuxwayi | ongaxwayi | ungaxwayi | |||
1st plural | siyaxwaya, sixwaya | esixwayayo, esixwaya | sixwaya | asixwayi | esingaxwayi | singaxwayi | |||
2nd plural | niyaxwaya, nixwaya | enixwayayo, enixwaya | nixwaya | anixwayi | eningaxwayi | ningaxwayi | |||
Class 1 | uyaxwaya, uxwaya | oxwayayo, oxwaya | exwaya | akaxwayi | ongaxwayi | engaxwayi | |||
Class 2 | bayaxwaya, baxwaya | abaxwayayo, abaxwaya | bexwaya | abaxwayi | abangaxwayi | bengaxwayi | |||
Class 3 | uyaxwaya, uxwaya | oxwayayo, oxwaya | uxwaya | awuxwayi | ongaxwayi | ungaxwayi | |||
Class 4 | iyaxwaya, ixwaya | exwayayo, exwaya | ixwaya | ayixwayi | engaxwayi | ingaxwayi | |||
Class 5 | liyaxwaya, lixwaya | elixwayayo, elixwaya | lixwaya | alixwayi | elingaxwayi | lingaxwayi | |||
Class 6 | ayaxwaya, axwaya | axwayayo, axwaya | exwaya | awaxwayi | angaxwayi | engaxwayi | |||
Class 7 | siyaxwaya, sixwaya | esixwayayo, esixwaya | sixwaya | asixwayi | esingaxwayi | singaxwayi | |||
Class 8 | ziyaxwaya, zixwaya | ezixwayayo, ezixwaya | zixwaya | azixwayi | ezingaxwayi | zingaxwayi | |||
Class 9 | iyaxwaya, ixwaya | exwayayo, exwaya | ixwaya | ayixwayi | engaxwayi | ingaxwayi | |||
Class 10 | ziyaxwaya, zixwaya | ezixwayayo, ezixwaya | zixwaya | azixwayi | ezingaxwayi | zingaxwayi | |||
Class 11 | luyaxwaya, luxwaya | oluxwayayo, oluxwaya | luxwaya | aluxwayi | olungaxwayi | lungaxwayi | |||
Class 14 | buyaxwaya, buxwaya | obuxwayayo, obuxwaya | buxwaya | abuxwayi | obungaxwayi | bungaxwayi | |||
Class 15 | kuyaxwaya, kuxwaya | okuxwayayo, okuxwaya | kuxwaya | akuxwayi | okungaxwayi | kungaxwayi | |||
Class 17 | kuyaxwaya, kuxwaya | okuxwayayo, okuxwaya | kuxwaya | akuxwayi | okungaxwayi | kungaxwayi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngixwayile, ngixwayē | engixwayile, engixwayē | ngixwayile, ngixwayē | angixwayanga | engingaxwayanga | ngingaxwayanga | |||
2nd singular | uxwayile, uxwayē | oxwayile, oxwayē | uxwayile, uxwayē | awuxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | ungaxwayanga | |||
1st plural | sixwayile, sixwayē | esixwayile, esixwayē | sixwayile, sixwayē | asixwayanga | esingaxwayanga | singaxwayanga | |||
2nd plural | nixwayile, nixwayē | enixwayile, enixwayē | nixwayile, nixwayē | anixwayanga | eningaxwayanga | ningaxwayanga | |||
Class 1 | uxwayile, uxwayē | oxwayile, oxwayē | exwayile, exwayē | akaxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | engaxwayanga | |||
Class 2 | baxwayile, baxwayē | abaxwayile, abaxwayē | bexwayile, bexwayē | abaxwayanga | abangaxwayanga | bengaxwayanga | |||
Class 3 | uxwayile, uxwayē | oxwayile, oxwayē | uxwayile, uxwayē | awuxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | ungaxwayanga | |||
Class 4 | ixwayile, ixwayē | exwayile, exwayē | ixwayile, ixwayē | ayixwayanga | engaxwayanga | ingaxwayanga | |||
Class 5 | lixwayile, lixwayē | elixwayile, elixwayē | lixwayile, lixwayē | alixwayanga | elingaxwayanga | lingaxwayanga | |||
Class 6 | axwayile, axwayē | axwayile, axwayē | exwayile, exwayē | awaxwayanga | angaxwayanga | engaxwayanga | |||
Class 7 | sixwayile, sixwayē | esixwayile, esixwayē | sixwayile, sixwayē | asixwayanga | esingaxwayanga | singaxwayanga | |||
Class 8 | zixwayile, zixwayē | ezixwayile, ezixwayē | zixwayile, zixwayē | azixwayanga | ezingaxwayanga | zingaxwayanga | |||
Class 9 | ixwayile, ixwayē | exwayile, exwayē | ixwayile, ixwayē | ayixwayanga | engaxwayanga | ingaxwayanga | |||
Class 10 | zixwayile, zixwayē | ezixwayile, ezixwayē | zixwayile, zixwayē | azixwayanga | ezingaxwayanga | zingaxwayanga | |||
Class 11 | luxwayile, luxwayē | oluxwayile, oluxwayē | luxwayile, luxwayē | aluxwayanga | olungaxwayanga | lungaxwayanga | |||
Class 14 | buxwayile, buxwayē | obuxwayile, obuxwayē | buxwayile, buxwayē | abuxwayanga | obungaxwayanga | bungaxwayanga | |||
Class 15 | kuxwayile, kuxwayē | okuxwayile, okuxwayē | kuxwayile, kuxwayē | akuxwayanga | okungaxwayanga | kungaxwayanga | |||
Class 17 | kuxwayile, kuxwayē | okuxwayile, okuxwayē | kuxwayile, kuxwayē | akuxwayanga | okungaxwayanga | kungaxwayanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāxwaya | engāxwaya | ngāxwaya | angixwayanga | engingaxwayanga | ngingaxwayanga | |||
2nd singular | wāxwaya | owāxwaya | wāxwaya | awuxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | ungaxwayanga | |||
1st plural | sāxwaya | esāxwaya | sāxwaya | asixwayanga | esingaxwayanga | singaxwayanga | |||
2nd plural | nāxwaya | enāxwaya | nāxwaya | anixwayanga | eningaxwayanga | ningaxwayanga | |||
Class 1 | wāxwaya | owāxwaya | āxwaya | akaxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | engaxwayanga | |||
Class 2 | bāxwaya | abāxwaya | bāxwaya | abaxwayanga | abangaxwayanga | bengaxwayanga | |||
Class 3 | wāxwaya | owāxwaya | wāxwaya | awuxwayanga | ongaxwayanga | ungaxwayanga | |||
Class 4 | yāxwaya | eyāxwaya | yāxwaya | ayixwayanga | engaxwayanga | ingaxwayanga | |||
Class 5 | lāxwaya | elāxwaya | lāxwaya | alixwayanga | elingaxwayanga | lingaxwayanga | |||
Class 6 | āxwaya | āxwaya | āxwaya | awaxwayanga | angaxwayanga | engaxwayanga | |||
Class 7 | sāxwaya | esāxwaya | sāxwaya | asixwayanga | esingaxwayanga | singaxwayanga | |||
Class 8 | zāxwaya | ezāxwaya | zāxwaya | azixwayanga | ezingaxwayanga | zingaxwayanga | |||
Class 9 | yāxwaya | eyāxwaya | yāxwaya | ayixwayanga | engaxwayanga | ingaxwayanga | |||
Class 10 | zāxwaya | ezāxwaya | zāxwaya | azixwayanga | ezingaxwayanga | zingaxwayanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāxwaya | olwāxwaya | lwāxwaya | aluxwayanga | olungaxwayanga | lungaxwayanga | |||
Class 14 | bāxwaya | obāxwaya | bāxwaya | abuxwayanga | obungaxwayanga | bungaxwayanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāxwaya | okwāxwaya | kwāxwaya | akuxwayanga | okungaxwayanga | kungaxwayanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāxwaya | okwāxwaya | kwāxwaya | akuxwayanga | okungaxwayanga | kungaxwayanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaxwaya | — | ngingaxwaya | ngingexwaye | — | ngingexwaye | |||
2nd singular | ungaxwaya | — | ungaxwaya | ungexwaye | — | ungexwaye | |||
1st plural | singaxwaya | — | singaxwaya | singexwaye | — | singexwaye | |||
2nd plural | ningaxwaya | — | ningaxwaya | ningexwaye | — | ningexwaye | |||
Class 1 | angaxwaya | — | engaxwaya | angexwaye | — | engexwaye | |||
Class 2 | bangaxwaya | — | bengaxwaya | bangexwaye | — | bengexwaye | |||
Class 3 | ungaxwaya | — | ungaxwaya | ungexwaye | — | ungexwaye | |||
Class 4 | ingaxwaya | — | ingaxwaya | ingexwaye | — | ingexwaye | |||
Class 5 | lingaxwaya | — | lingaxwaya | lingexwaye | — | lingexwaye | |||
Class 6 | angaxwaya | — | engaxwaya | angexwaye | — | engexwaye | |||
Class 7 | singaxwaya | — | singaxwaya | singexwaye | — | singexwaye | |||
Class 8 | zingaxwaya | — | zingaxwaya | zingexwaye | — | zingexwaye | |||
Class 9 | ingaxwaya | — | ingaxwaya | ingexwaye | — | ingexwaye | |||
Class 10 | zingaxwaya | — | zingaxwaya | zingexwaye | — | zingexwaye | |||
Class 11 | lungaxwaya | — | lungaxwaya | lungexwaye | — | lungexwaye | |||
Class 14 | bungaxwaya | — | bungaxwaya | bungexwaye | — | bungexwaye | |||
Class 15 | kungaxwaya | — | kungaxwaya | kungexwaye | — | kungexwaye | |||
Class 17 | kungaxwaya | — | kungaxwaya | kungexwaye | — | kungexwaye | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizoxwaya | engizoxwaya | ngizoxwaya | angizuxwaya | engingezuxwaya | ngingezuxwaya | |||
2nd singular | uzoxwaya | ozoxwaya | uzoxwaya | awuzuxwaya | ongezuxwaya | ungezuxwaya | |||
1st plural | sizoxwaya | esizoxwaya | sizoxwaya | asizuxwaya | esingezuxwaya | singezuxwaya | |||
2nd plural | nizoxwaya | enizoxwaya | nizoxwaya | anizuxwaya | eningezuxwaya | ningezuxwaya | |||
Class 1 | uzoxwaya | ozoxwaya | ezoxwaya | akazuxwaya | ongezuxwaya | engezuxwaya | |||
Class 2 | bazoxwaya | abazoxwaya | bezoxwaya | abazuxwaya | abangezuxwaya | bengezuxwaya | |||
Class 3 | uzoxwaya | ozoxwaya | uzoxwaya | awuzuxwaya | ongezuxwaya | ungezuxwaya | |||
Class 4 | izoxwaya | ezoxwaya | izoxwaya | ayizuxwaya | engezuxwaya | ingezuxwaya | |||
Class 5 | lizoxwaya | elizoxwaya | lizoxwaya | alizuxwaya | elingezuxwaya | lingezuxwaya | |||
Class 6 | azoxwaya | azoxwaya | ezoxwaya | awazuxwaya | angezuxwaya | engezuxwaya | |||
Class 7 | sizoxwaya | esizoxwaya | sizoxwaya | asizuxwaya | esingezuxwaya | singezuxwaya | |||
Class 8 | zizoxwaya | ezizoxwaya | zizoxwaya | azizuxwaya | ezingezuxwaya | zingezuxwaya | |||
Class 9 | izoxwaya | ezoxwaya | izoxwaya | ayizuxwaya | engezuxwaya | ingezuxwaya | |||
Class 10 | zizoxwaya | ezizoxwaya | zizoxwaya | azizuxwaya | ezingezuxwaya | zingezuxwaya | |||
Class 11 | luzoxwaya | oluzoxwaya | luzoxwaya | aluzuxwaya | olungezuxwaya | lungezuxwaya | |||
Class 14 | buzoxwaya | obuzoxwaya | buzoxwaya | abuzuxwaya | obungezuxwaya | bungezuxwaya | |||
Class 15 | kuzoxwaya | okuzoxwaya | kuzoxwaya | akuzuxwaya | okungezuxwaya | kungezuxwaya | |||
Class 17 | kuzoxwaya | okuzoxwaya | kuzoxwaya | akuzuxwaya | okungezuxwaya | kungezuxwaya | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyoxwaya | engiyoxwaya | ngiyoxwaya | angiyuxwaya | engingeyuxwaya | ngingeyuxwaya | |||
2nd singular | uyoxwaya | oyoxwaya | uyoxwaya | awuyuxwaya | ongeyuxwaya | ungeyuxwaya | |||
1st plural | siyoxwaya | esiyoxwaya | siyoxwaya | asiyuxwaya | esingeyuxwaya | singeyuxwaya | |||
2nd plural | niyoxwaya | eniyoxwaya | niyoxwaya | aniyuxwaya | eningeyuxwaya | ningeyuxwaya | |||
Class 1 | uyoxwaya | oyoxwaya | eyoxwaya | akayuxwaya | ongeyuxwaya | engeyuxwaya | |||
Class 2 | bayoxwaya | abayoxwaya | beyoxwaya | abayuxwaya | abangeyuxwaya | bengeyuxwaya | |||
Class 3 | uyoxwaya | oyoxwaya | uyoxwaya | awuyuxwaya | ongeyuxwaya | ungeyuxwaya | |||
Class 4 | iyoxwaya | eyoxwaya | iyoxwaya | ayiyuxwaya | engeyuxwaya | ingeyuxwaya | |||
Class 5 | liyoxwaya | eliyoxwaya | liyoxwaya | aliyuxwaya | elingeyuxwaya | lingeyuxwaya | |||
Class 6 | ayoxwaya | ayoxwaya | eyoxwaya | awayuxwaya | angeyuxwaya | engeyuxwaya | |||
Class 7 | siyoxwaya | esiyoxwaya | siyoxwaya | asiyuxwaya | esingeyuxwaya | singeyuxwaya | |||
Class 8 | ziyoxwaya | eziyoxwaya | ziyoxwaya | aziyuxwaya | ezingeyuxwaya | zingeyuxwaya | |||
Class 9 | iyoxwaya | eyoxwaya | iyoxwaya | ayiyuxwaya | engeyuxwaya | ingeyuxwaya | |||
Class 10 | ziyoxwaya | eziyoxwaya | ziyoxwaya | aziyuxwaya | ezingeyuxwaya | zingeyuxwaya | |||
Class 11 | luyoxwaya | oluyoxwaya | luyoxwaya | aluyuxwaya | olungeyuxwaya | lungeyuxwaya | |||
Class 14 | buyoxwaya | obuyoxwaya | buyoxwaya | abuyuxwaya | obungeyuxwaya | bungeyuxwaya | |||
Class 15 | kuyoxwaya | okuyoxwaya | kuyoxwaya | akuyuxwaya | okungeyuxwaya | kungeyuxwaya | |||
Class 17 | kuyoxwaya | okuyoxwaya | kuyoxwaya | akuyuxwaya | okungeyuxwaya | kungeyuxwaya | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngixwaye | ngingaxwayi | |||||||
2nd singular | uxwaye | ungaxwayi | |||||||
1st plural | sixwaye | singaxwayi | |||||||
2nd plural | nixwaye | ningaxwayi | |||||||
Class 1 | axwaye | angaxwayi | |||||||
Class 2 | baxwaye | bangaxwayi | |||||||
Class 3 | uxwaye | ungaxwayi | |||||||
Class 4 | ixwaye | ingaxwayi | |||||||
Class 5 | lixwaye | lingaxwayi | |||||||
Class 6 | axwaye | angaxwayi | |||||||
Class 7 | sixwaye | singaxwayi | |||||||
Class 8 | zixwaye | zingaxwayi | |||||||
Class 9 | ixwaye | ingaxwayi | |||||||
Class 10 | zixwaye | zingaxwayi | |||||||
Class 11 | luxwaye | lungaxwayi | |||||||
Class 14 | buxwaye | bungaxwayi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuxwaye | kungaxwayi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuxwaye | kungaxwayi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaxwaya | ngangaxwaya, angaxwaya, angangaxwaya | |||||||
2nd singular | waxwaya | wangaxwaya, awaxwaya, awangaxwaya | |||||||
1st plural | saxwaya | sangaxwaya, asaxwaya, asangaxwaya | |||||||
2nd plural | naxwaya | nangaxwaya, anaxwaya, anangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 1 | waxwaya | wangaxwaya, akaxwaya, akangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 2 | baxwaya | bangaxwaya, abaxwaya, abangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 3 | waxwaya | wangaxwaya, awaxwaya, awangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 4 | yaxwaya | yangaxwaya, ayaxwaya, ayangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 5 | laxwaya | langaxwaya, alaxwaya, alangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 6 | axwaya | angaxwaya, awaxwaya, awangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 7 | saxwaya | sangaxwaya, asaxwaya, asangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 8 | zaxwaya | zangaxwaya, azaxwaya, azangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 9 | yaxwaya | yangaxwaya, ayaxwaya, ayangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 10 | zaxwaya | zangaxwaya, azaxwaya, azangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaxwaya | lwangaxwaya, alwaxwaya, alwangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 14 | baxwaya | bangaxwaya, abaxwaya, abangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaxwaya | kwangaxwaya, akwaxwaya, akwangaxwaya | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaxwaya | kwangaxwaya, akwaxwaya, akwangaxwaya |
Derived terms
- -xwayisa
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “xwaya”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “xwaya (3.9)”