xokozela
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ǁoɠozéːla/
Verb
-xokozéla
- (intransitive) to make a hubbub
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuxokozela | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuxokozela | ukungaxokozeli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | xokozela | -xokozele | |||||||
Plural | xokozelani | -xokozeleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaxokozela, ngixokozela | engixokozelayo, engixokozela | ngixokozela | angixokozeli | engingaxokozeli | ngingaxokozeli | |||
2nd singular | uyaxokozela, uxokozela | oxokozelayo, oxokozela | uxokozela | awuxokozeli | ongaxokozeli | ungaxokozeli | |||
1st plural | siyaxokozela, sixokozela | esixokozelayo, esixokozela | sixokozela | asixokozeli | esingaxokozeli | singaxokozeli | |||
2nd plural | niyaxokozela, nixokozela | enixokozelayo, enixokozela | nixokozela | anixokozeli | eningaxokozeli | ningaxokozeli | |||
Class 1 | uyaxokozela, uxokozela | oxokozelayo, oxokozela | exokozela | akaxokozeli | ongaxokozeli | engaxokozeli | |||
Class 2 | bayaxokozela, baxokozela | abaxokozelayo, abaxokozela | bexokozela | abaxokozeli | abangaxokozeli | bengaxokozeli | |||
Class 3 | uyaxokozela, uxokozela | oxokozelayo, oxokozela | uxokozela | awuxokozeli | ongaxokozeli | ungaxokozeli | |||
Class 4 | iyaxokozela, ixokozela | exokozelayo, exokozela | ixokozela | ayixokozeli | engaxokozeli | ingaxokozeli | |||
Class 5 | liyaxokozela, lixokozela | elixokozelayo, elixokozela | lixokozela | alixokozeli | elingaxokozeli | lingaxokozeli | |||
Class 6 | ayaxokozela, axokozela | axokozelayo, axokozela | exokozela | awaxokozeli | angaxokozeli | engaxokozeli | |||
Class 7 | siyaxokozela, sixokozela | esixokozelayo, esixokozela | sixokozela | asixokozeli | esingaxokozeli | singaxokozeli | |||
Class 8 | ziyaxokozela, zixokozela | ezixokozelayo, ezixokozela | zixokozela | azixokozeli | ezingaxokozeli | zingaxokozeli | |||
Class 9 | iyaxokozela, ixokozela | exokozelayo, exokozela | ixokozela | ayixokozeli | engaxokozeli | ingaxokozeli | |||
Class 10 | ziyaxokozela, zixokozela | ezixokozelayo, ezixokozela | zixokozela | azixokozeli | ezingaxokozeli | zingaxokozeli | |||
Class 11 | luyaxokozela, luxokozela | oluxokozelayo, oluxokozela | luxokozela | aluxokozeli | olungaxokozeli | lungaxokozeli | |||
Class 14 | buyaxokozela, buxokozela | obuxokozelayo, obuxokozela | buxokozela | abuxokozeli | obungaxokozeli | bungaxokozeli | |||
Class 15 | kuyaxokozela, kuxokozela | okuxokozelayo, okuxokozela | kuxokozela | akuxokozeli | okungaxokozeli | kungaxokozeli | |||
Class 17 | kuyaxokozela, kuxokozela | okuxokozelayo, okuxokozela | kuxokozela | akuxokozeli | okungaxokozeli | kungaxokozeli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngixokozelile, ngixokozelē | engixokozelile, engixokozelē | ngixokozelile, ngixokozelē | angixokozelanga | engingaxokozelanga | ngingaxokozelanga | |||
2nd singular | uxokozelile, uxokozelē | oxokozelile, oxokozelē | uxokozelile, uxokozelē | awuxokozelanga | ongaxokozelanga | ungaxokozelanga | |||
1st plural | sixokozelile, sixokozelē | esixokozelile, esixokozelē | sixokozelile, sixokozelē | asixokozelanga | esingaxokozelanga | singaxokozelanga | |||
2nd plural | nixokozelile, nixokozelē | enixokozelile, enixokozelē | nixokozelile, nixokozelē | anixokozelanga | eningaxokozelanga | ningaxokozelanga | |||
Class 1 | uxokozelile, uxokozelē | oxokozelile, oxokozelē | exokozelile, exokozelē | akaxokozelanga | ongaxokozelanga | engaxokozelanga | |||
Class 2 | baxokozelile, baxokozelē | abaxokozelile, abaxokozelē | bexokozelile, bexokozelē | abaxokozelanga | abangaxokozelanga | bengaxokozelanga | |||
Class 3 | uxokozelile, uxokozelē | oxokozelile, oxokozelē | uxokozelile, uxokozelē | awuxokozelanga | ongaxokozelanga | ungaxokozelanga | |||
Class 4 | ixokozelile, ixokozelē | exokozelile, exokozelē | ixokozelile, ixokozelē | ayixokozelanga | engaxokozelanga | ingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 5 | lixokozelile, lixokozelē | elixokozelile, elixokozelē | lixokozelile, lixokozelē | alixokozelanga | elingaxokozelanga | lingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 6 | axokozelile, axokozelē | axokozelile, axokozelē | exokozelile, exokozelē | awaxokozelanga | angaxokozelanga | engaxokozelanga | |||
Class 7 | sixokozelile, sixokozelē | esixokozelile, esixokozelē | sixokozelile, sixokozelē | asixokozelanga | esingaxokozelanga | singaxokozelanga | |||
Class 8 | zixokozelile, zixokozelē | ezixokozelile, ezixokozelē | zixokozelile, zixokozelē | azixokozelanga | ezingaxokozelanga | zingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 9 | ixokozelile, ixokozelē | exokozelile, exokozelē | ixokozelile, ixokozelē | ayixokozelanga | engaxokozelanga | ingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 10 | zixokozelile, zixokozelē | ezixokozelile, ezixokozelē | zixokozelile, zixokozelē | azixokozelanga | ezingaxokozelanga | zingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 11 | luxokozelile, luxokozelē | oluxokozelile, oluxokozelē | luxokozelile, luxokozelē | aluxokozelanga | olungaxokozelanga | lungaxokozelanga | |||
Class 14 | buxokozelile, buxokozelē | obuxokozelile, obuxokozelē | buxokozelile, buxokozelē | abuxokozelanga | obungaxokozelanga | bungaxokozelanga | |||
Class 15 | kuxokozelile, kuxokozelē | okuxokozelile, okuxokozelē | kuxokozelile, kuxokozelē | akuxokozelanga | okungaxokozelanga | kungaxokozelanga | |||
Class 17 | kuxokozelile, kuxokozelē | okuxokozelile, okuxokozelē | kuxokozelile, kuxokozelē | akuxokozelanga | okungaxokozelanga | kungaxokozelanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāxokozela | engāxokozela | ngāxokozela | angixokozelanga | engingaxokozelanga | ngingaxokozelanga | |||
2nd singular | wāxokozela | owāxokozela | wāxokozela | awuxokozelanga | ongaxokozelanga | ungaxokozelanga | |||
1st plural | sāxokozela | esāxokozela | sāxokozela | asixokozelanga | esingaxokozelanga | singaxokozelanga | |||
2nd plural | nāxokozela | enāxokozela | nāxokozela | anixokozelanga | eningaxokozelanga | ningaxokozelanga | |||
Class 1 | wāxokozela | owāxokozela | āxokozela | akaxokozelanga | ongaxokozelanga | engaxokozelanga | |||
Class 2 | bāxokozela | abāxokozela | bāxokozela | abaxokozelanga | abangaxokozelanga | bengaxokozelanga | |||
Class 3 | wāxokozela | owāxokozela | wāxokozela | awuxokozelanga | ongaxokozelanga | ungaxokozelanga | |||
Class 4 | yāxokozela | eyāxokozela | yāxokozela | ayixokozelanga | engaxokozelanga | ingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 5 | lāxokozela | elāxokozela | lāxokozela | alixokozelanga | elingaxokozelanga | lingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 6 | āxokozela | āxokozela | āxokozela | awaxokozelanga | angaxokozelanga | engaxokozelanga | |||
Class 7 | sāxokozela | esāxokozela | sāxokozela | asixokozelanga | esingaxokozelanga | singaxokozelanga | |||
Class 8 | zāxokozela | ezāxokozela | zāxokozela | azixokozelanga | ezingaxokozelanga | zingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 9 | yāxokozela | eyāxokozela | yāxokozela | ayixokozelanga | engaxokozelanga | ingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 10 | zāxokozela | ezāxokozela | zāxokozela | azixokozelanga | ezingaxokozelanga | zingaxokozelanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāxokozela | olwāxokozela | lwāxokozela | aluxokozelanga | olungaxokozelanga | lungaxokozelanga | |||
Class 14 | bāxokozela | obāxokozela | bāxokozela | abuxokozelanga | obungaxokozelanga | bungaxokozelanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāxokozela | okwāxokozela | kwāxokozela | akuxokozelanga | okungaxokozelanga | kungaxokozelanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāxokozela | okwāxokozela | kwāxokozela | akuxokozelanga | okungaxokozelanga | kungaxokozelanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaxokozela | — | ngingaxokozela | ngingexokozele | — | ngingexokozele | |||
2nd singular | ungaxokozela | — | ungaxokozela | ungexokozele | — | ungexokozele | |||
1st plural | singaxokozela | — | singaxokozela | singexokozele | — | singexokozele | |||
2nd plural | ningaxokozela | — | ningaxokozela | ningexokozele | — | ningexokozele | |||
Class 1 | angaxokozela | — | engaxokozela | angexokozele | — | engexokozele | |||
Class 2 | bangaxokozela | — | bengaxokozela | bangexokozele | — | bengexokozele | |||
Class 3 | ungaxokozela | — | ungaxokozela | ungexokozele | — | ungexokozele | |||
Class 4 | ingaxokozela | — | ingaxokozela | ingexokozele | — | ingexokozele | |||
Class 5 | lingaxokozela | — | lingaxokozela | lingexokozele | — | lingexokozele | |||
Class 6 | angaxokozela | — | engaxokozela | angexokozele | — | engexokozele | |||
Class 7 | singaxokozela | — | singaxokozela | singexokozele | — | singexokozele | |||
Class 8 | zingaxokozela | — | zingaxokozela | zingexokozele | — | zingexokozele | |||
Class 9 | ingaxokozela | — | ingaxokozela | ingexokozele | — | ingexokozele | |||
Class 10 | zingaxokozela | — | zingaxokozela | zingexokozele | — | zingexokozele | |||
Class 11 | lungaxokozela | — | lungaxokozela | lungexokozele | — | lungexokozele | |||
Class 14 | bungaxokozela | — | bungaxokozela | bungexokozele | — | bungexokozele | |||
Class 15 | kungaxokozela | — | kungaxokozela | kungexokozele | — | kungexokozele | |||
Class 17 | kungaxokozela | — | kungaxokozela | kungexokozele | — | kungexokozele | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizoxokozela | engizoxokozela | ngizoxokozela | angizuxokozela | engingezuxokozela | ngingezuxokozela | |||
2nd singular | uzoxokozela | ozoxokozela | uzoxokozela | awuzuxokozela | ongezuxokozela | ungezuxokozela | |||
1st plural | sizoxokozela | esizoxokozela | sizoxokozela | asizuxokozela | esingezuxokozela | singezuxokozela | |||
2nd plural | nizoxokozela | enizoxokozela | nizoxokozela | anizuxokozela | eningezuxokozela | ningezuxokozela | |||
Class 1 | uzoxokozela | ozoxokozela | ezoxokozela | akazuxokozela | ongezuxokozela | engezuxokozela | |||
Class 2 | bazoxokozela | abazoxokozela | bezoxokozela | abazuxokozela | abangezuxokozela | bengezuxokozela | |||
Class 3 | uzoxokozela | ozoxokozela | uzoxokozela | awuzuxokozela | ongezuxokozela | ungezuxokozela | |||
Class 4 | izoxokozela | ezoxokozela | izoxokozela | ayizuxokozela | engezuxokozela | ingezuxokozela | |||
Class 5 | lizoxokozela | elizoxokozela | lizoxokozela | alizuxokozela | elingezuxokozela | lingezuxokozela | |||
Class 6 | azoxokozela | azoxokozela | ezoxokozela | awazuxokozela | angezuxokozela | engezuxokozela | |||
Class 7 | sizoxokozela | esizoxokozela | sizoxokozela | asizuxokozela | esingezuxokozela | singezuxokozela | |||
Class 8 | zizoxokozela | ezizoxokozela | zizoxokozela | azizuxokozela | ezingezuxokozela | zingezuxokozela | |||
Class 9 | izoxokozela | ezoxokozela | izoxokozela | ayizuxokozela | engezuxokozela | ingezuxokozela | |||
Class 10 | zizoxokozela | ezizoxokozela | zizoxokozela | azizuxokozela | ezingezuxokozela | zingezuxokozela | |||
Class 11 | luzoxokozela | oluzoxokozela | luzoxokozela | aluzuxokozela | olungezuxokozela | lungezuxokozela | |||
Class 14 | buzoxokozela | obuzoxokozela | buzoxokozela | abuzuxokozela | obungezuxokozela | bungezuxokozela | |||
Class 15 | kuzoxokozela | okuzoxokozela | kuzoxokozela | akuzuxokozela | okungezuxokozela | kungezuxokozela | |||
Class 17 | kuzoxokozela | okuzoxokozela | kuzoxokozela | akuzuxokozela | okungezuxokozela | kungezuxokozela | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyoxokozela | engiyoxokozela | ngiyoxokozela | angiyuxokozela | engingeyuxokozela | ngingeyuxokozela | |||
2nd singular | uyoxokozela | oyoxokozela | uyoxokozela | awuyuxokozela | ongeyuxokozela | ungeyuxokozela | |||
1st plural | siyoxokozela | esiyoxokozela | siyoxokozela | asiyuxokozela | esingeyuxokozela | singeyuxokozela | |||
2nd plural | niyoxokozela | eniyoxokozela | niyoxokozela | aniyuxokozela | eningeyuxokozela | ningeyuxokozela | |||
Class 1 | uyoxokozela | oyoxokozela | eyoxokozela | akayuxokozela | ongeyuxokozela | engeyuxokozela | |||
Class 2 | bayoxokozela | abayoxokozela | beyoxokozela | abayuxokozela | abangeyuxokozela | bengeyuxokozela | |||
Class 3 | uyoxokozela | oyoxokozela | uyoxokozela | awuyuxokozela | ongeyuxokozela | ungeyuxokozela | |||
Class 4 | iyoxokozela | eyoxokozela | iyoxokozela | ayiyuxokozela | engeyuxokozela | ingeyuxokozela | |||
Class 5 | liyoxokozela | eliyoxokozela | liyoxokozela | aliyuxokozela | elingeyuxokozela | lingeyuxokozela | |||
Class 6 | ayoxokozela | ayoxokozela | eyoxokozela | awayuxokozela | angeyuxokozela | engeyuxokozela | |||
Class 7 | siyoxokozela | esiyoxokozela | siyoxokozela | asiyuxokozela | esingeyuxokozela | singeyuxokozela | |||
Class 8 | ziyoxokozela | eziyoxokozela | ziyoxokozela | aziyuxokozela | ezingeyuxokozela | zingeyuxokozela | |||
Class 9 | iyoxokozela | eyoxokozela | iyoxokozela | ayiyuxokozela | engeyuxokozela | ingeyuxokozela | |||
Class 10 | ziyoxokozela | eziyoxokozela | ziyoxokozela | aziyuxokozela | ezingeyuxokozela | zingeyuxokozela | |||
Class 11 | luyoxokozela | oluyoxokozela | luyoxokozela | aluyuxokozela | olungeyuxokozela | lungeyuxokozela | |||
Class 14 | buyoxokozela | obuyoxokozela | buyoxokozela | abuyuxokozela | obungeyuxokozela | bungeyuxokozela | |||
Class 15 | kuyoxokozela | okuyoxokozela | kuyoxokozela | akuyuxokozela | okungeyuxokozela | kungeyuxokozela | |||
Class 17 | kuyoxokozela | okuyoxokozela | kuyoxokozela | akuyuxokozela | okungeyuxokozela | kungeyuxokozela | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngixokozele | ngingaxokozeli | |||||||
2nd singular | uxokozele | ungaxokozeli | |||||||
1st plural | sixokozele | singaxokozeli | |||||||
2nd plural | nixokozele | ningaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 1 | axokozele | angaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 2 | baxokozele | bangaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 3 | uxokozele | ungaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 4 | ixokozele | ingaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 5 | lixokozele | lingaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 6 | axokozele | angaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 7 | sixokozele | singaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 8 | zixokozele | zingaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 9 | ixokozele | ingaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 10 | zixokozele | zingaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 11 | luxokozele | lungaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 14 | buxokozele | bungaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 15 | kuxokozele | kungaxokozeli | |||||||
Class 17 | kuxokozele | kungaxokozeli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaxokozela | ngangaxokozela, angaxokozela, angangaxokozela | |||||||
2nd singular | waxokozela | wangaxokozela, awaxokozela, awangaxokozela | |||||||
1st plural | saxokozela | sangaxokozela, asaxokozela, asangaxokozela | |||||||
2nd plural | naxokozela | nangaxokozela, anaxokozela, anangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 1 | waxokozela | wangaxokozela, akaxokozela, akangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 2 | baxokozela | bangaxokozela, abaxokozela, abangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 3 | waxokozela | wangaxokozela, awaxokozela, awangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 4 | yaxokozela | yangaxokozela, ayaxokozela, ayangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 5 | laxokozela | langaxokozela, alaxokozela, alangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 6 | axokozela | angaxokozela, awaxokozela, awangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 7 | saxokozela | sangaxokozela, asaxokozela, asangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 8 | zaxokozela | zangaxokozela, azaxokozela, azangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 9 | yaxokozela | yangaxokozela, ayaxokozela, ayangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 10 | zaxokozela | zangaxokozela, azaxokozela, azangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaxokozela | lwangaxokozela, alwaxokozela, alwangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 14 | baxokozela | bangaxokozela, abaxokozela, abangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaxokozela | kwangaxokozela, akwaxokozela, akwangaxokozela | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaxokozela | kwangaxokozela, akwaxokozela, akwangaxokozela |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “xokozela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “xokozela (3.3.2.9)”