writen
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *wrītan, from Proto-Germanic *wrītaną.
Verb
writen
- to turn, to twist
- to wrap
Inflection
Strong class 1 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | writen | |
3rd sg. past | wrêet | |
3rd pl. past | wrēten | |
Past participle | gewrēten | |
Infinitive | writen | |
In genitive | writens | |
In dative | writene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | write | wrêet |
2nd singular | wrijts, writes | wrēets, wrētes |
3rd singular | wrijt, writet | wrêet |
1st plural | writen | wrēten |
2nd plural | wrijt, writet | wrēet, wrētet |
3rd plural | writen | wrēten |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | write | wrēte |
2nd singular | wrijts, writes | wrētes |
3rd singular | write | wrēte |
1st plural | writen | wrēten |
2nd plural | wrijt, writet | wrētet |
3rd plural | writen | wrēten |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | wrijt, write | |
Plural | wrijt, writet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | writende | gewrēten |
Descendants
- Dutch: wrijten
Further reading
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “writen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Alternative forms
- wryten, write
Etymology
From Old English wrītan, from Proto-Germanic *wrītaną. Cognate to Middle Low German writen and Middle High German rīzen.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwriːtən/
Verb
writen (singular simple past wroot, plural simple past wroten)
- To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:
- 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41
- And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende.”
- To record in writing; to produce or add to a written document.
- To act as a notary or a scribe; to transcribe into or note with writing.
- To write about; to cover, discuss, or report on in writing.
- To create a written or literary work; to author.
- To send a letter or document one wrote off.
- To convert into another language; to make a translation of.
- 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41
- To engrave, carve, or scratch
- To form words or letters via means other than drawing or engraving.
- (rare) To make one's signature or identifying symbol.
- (rare) To represent via means other than writing.
Conjugation
Conjugation of writen (strong class 1)
infinitive | (to) writen, write | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | write | wrot | |
2nd-person singular | writest | wrote, write, wrot | |
3rd-person singular | writeth | wrot | |
subjunctive singular | write | wrote1, write1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | writen, write | wroten, wrote, writen, write | |
imperative plural | writeth, write | — | |
participles | writynge, writende | writen, wreten, ywrite |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Related terms
- writer
Descendants
- English: write
- Scots: writ, wryte, wret
References
- “wrīten, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-30.
Middle Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon writan (“to write, carve”), from Proto-Germanic *wrītaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /wriːtən/
Verb
wrîten
- to write
- to carve, to scratch
Conjugation
Conjugation of writen as a class 1 strong verb
Plain Infinitive | wrîten | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Full Infinitive (Gerund) | tô wrîtene or tô wrîtende | |||
Verbal Noun | wrîten or wrîtent | |||
Participles | Imperatives | |||
Present | wrîtende | 2nd Person Singular | wrît | |
Past | gewrēten | 2nd Person Plural | wrîtet | |
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | |
1st Person Singular | wrîte | wrêt | wrîte | wrēte |
2nd Person Singular | wrîtest or wrîtst | wrētest | wrîtest | wrētest |
3rd Person Singular | wrîtet or wrît | wrêt | wrîtet | wrēte |
Plural | wrîten (wrîtet?) | wrēten | wrîten | wrēten |