-WOD
Navajo
Etymology
From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣ̇ʊ̓t’ (“to be bent, curved”). Occurs also in a secondary meaning related to wriggling, jiggling, and by extension, in some Athabaskan languages including Navajo, to being agile and running.
Cognate root found in Ahtna dezghotʼ (“it is bent”), Carrier nəlɣwət (“to wriggle”), nəsɣwət (“to be agile, rapid”).
Occurs in Navajo in two additional extended meanings related to limping and to rocking. The “rock” theme uses a different momentaneous stem set, and might be a different root altogether.
Root
-WOD
1. to bend, to flex, to disjoint; to limp
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ø | S disjoints, bends
| S bends O
| |||||
| ʼa + ni + ł | motion | S is lame, limps
|
2. to rock
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ø | successive | S rocks
| S rocks O, shakes O
|
3. to run
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (Ø + ł + l) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l | motion | S runs
| S runs O
| ||||
| l | adjectival | S is a runner
|
Stem set
| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOM | -yeed | -wod | -woł | -woʼ | -yeed |
| MOM | -wóód | -wóód | -woł | -woʼ | -wóód |
| CONT / REP | -wod | -wod | -woł | -woʼ | -wod |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
to run:
- -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ (2 subjects)
- -JÉÉʼ (3+ subjects)
to go swiftly, to dash:
- -TÁÁL
- -TEEʼ
- -TʼIʼ
- -ZAAL
to bend:
- -DÉÉL
- -JOOL
- -TAAZ
- -YIIZH
to rock:
- -KAAD
- -YIZ
to shake:
- -DÉÉL (jolt)
- -DZID (pan, bottle)
- -GHÁÁD
- -JĄH (rattle)
- -MÁÁZ (finger, hat)
- -NAAʼ (earth, body)
- -TŁID
- -TSIZ (nervous)
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (bend)
Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (rock)
Navajo terms belonging to the root -WOD (run)