wn

See also: WN, Wn, wn', and .wn

English

wn

(stenoscript) Abbreviation of one.

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /waːn/ → /waːn/ → /woːn/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛn/
- Conventional anglicization: wen

Verb

2-lit.

(transitive) to open
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.1–1.2:
  
  wn ẖn n grw wsḫ st nt hr m mdww
  Open is the tent to the quiet one; broad is the place of the one calm in speech.
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 23:
  
  wꜣt zš.tj mṯnw wn(.w)
  The road is traversable, the paths are open.
- c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 9:
  
  wn.n n.k ꜥꜣwj m bntjw
  We open the double doors to you as baboons.

Inflection

Conjugation of wn (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: wn, geminated stem: wnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
wn	wnw, wn	wnt	wn, j.wn	wn, j.wn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
wn	ḥr wn	m wn	r wn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wn.n	wnw, wn	consecutive	wn.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	wn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	wnt
perfective³	wn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	wn.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	wn, j.wn¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	wn.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	wn	wnn	potentialis¹	wn.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	wn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	wn, j.wn¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	wn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	wn	wnn, wnnj⁶, wn², wnw^{2 5}, wny^{2 5}
imperfective	j.wn¹, wn, wny, wnw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.wn¹, j.wnw^{1 5}, wn, wnj⁶, wny⁶	wn, wnw⁵
prospective	wn, wntj⁷	—	wntj⁴, wnt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wn

wn

Synonyms

wbꜣ
wpj
swn
zn
kfꜣ

Derived terms

swn

Descendants

Demotic: wn
- Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲛ (ouōn)

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛn/
- Conventional anglicization: wen

Noun

m

fault, blame

Inflection

Declension of wn (masculine)

singular	wn
dual	wnwj
plural	wnw

Pronunciation

(reconstructed Old Egyptian) IPA^(key): /wan/[1]
(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛn/
- Conventional anglicization: wen

Noun

m

desert hare

Pronoun

pl 1. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

Late Egyptian variant of n (“we”)

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 295, 298 page 169, 295, 298.
Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 77

Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 16

Spanish

Adjective

wn (feminine wna, masculine plural wnes, feminine plural wnas) (abbreviation)

(Chile, informal, Internet slang, text messaging) Contraction of huevón.

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʊn/

Verb

wn

Soft mutation of gwn.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gwn	wn	ngwn	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

[1] Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 16