winnen
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch winnen, from Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋɪ.nə(n)/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: win‧nen
- Rhymes: -ɪnən
Verb
winnen
- (transitive or intransitive) to win, to triumph, to be victorious (in)
- (transitive) to acquire
- (transitive) to extract, to refine, to harvest (from base materials such as ore or crops)
Inflection
Inflection of winnen (strong class 3a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | winnen | |||
past singular | won | |||
past participle | gewonnen | |||
infinitive | winnen | |||
gerund | winnen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | win | won | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | wint | won | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | wint | won | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | wint | wont | ||
3rd person singular | wint | won | ||
plural | winnen | wonnen | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | winne | wonne | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | winnen | wonnen | ||
imperative sing. | win | |||
imperative plur.1 | wint | |||
participles | winnend | gewonnen | ||
1) Archaic. |
Derived terms
- winnaar
- winning
- winst
- aanwinnen
- gewinnen
- inwinnen
- overwinnen
- verwinnen
Descendants
- Afrikaans: wen
- Berbice Creole Dutch: won
- Negerhollands: win, wind
- → Sranan Tongo: wini
- → Caribbean Javanese: wini
- → Galibi Carib: winimary
Low German
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German winnen, from Old Saxon winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).
Compare Dutch winnen, German gewinnen, English win, Norwegian vinne, Swedish vinna.
Verb
winnen (past singular wunn, past participle wunnen, auxiliary verb hebben)
- to win
Conjugation
infinitive | winnen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | winn | wunn |
2nd person singular | winns(t) | wunns(t) |
3rd person singular | winn(t) | wunn |
plural | winnt, winnen | wunnen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | winn | |
plural | winnt | |
participle | present | past |
winnen | (e)wunnen, gewunnen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Etymology 2
From Middle Low German [Term?], from Old Saxon windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”). Compare German winden, Dutch winden, English wind.
Verb
winnen (past singular wunn, past participle wunnen, auxiliary verb hebben)
- to wind
- to wreathe
- to winch
- to wrest
Conjugation
infinitive | winnen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | winn | wunn |
2nd person singular | winns(t) | wunns(t) |
3rd person singular | winn(t) | wunn |
plural | winnt, winnen | wunnen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | winn | |
plural | winnt | |
participle | present | past |
winnen | (e)wunnen, gewunnen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German wenen, from Old High German wennen, from Proto-Germanic *wanjaną. Cognate with German gewöhnen (with prefix ge-).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvinən/
- Rhymes: -inən
Verb
winnen (third-person singular present winnt, past participle gewinnt, auxiliary verb hunn)
- (reflexive, with preposition un) to get used to, to adapt to, to familiarise with
- (transitive) to bring up, to raise, to nurture
Conjugation
Regular | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | winnen | |
participle | gewinnt | |
auxiliary | hunn | |
present indicative | imperative | |
1st singular | winnen | — |
2nd singular | winns | winn |
3rd singular | winnt | — |
1st plural | winnen | — |
2nd plural | winnt | winnt |
3rd plural | winnen | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).
Verb
winnen
- to win, to acquire through effort, to earn
- to acquire, to get
- to gain
- to delve, to mine
- to conquer, to take
- (of a male) to beget (a child), to sire
- (of a female) to give birth to
Inflection
Strong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | winnen | |
3rd sg. past | wan | |
3rd pl. past | wonnen | |
Past participle | gewonnen | |
Infinitive | winnen | |
In genitive | winnens | |
In dative | winnene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | winne | wan |
2nd singular | wins, winnes | wons, wonnes |
3rd singular | wint, winnet | wan |
1st plural | winnen | wonnen |
2nd plural | wint, winnet | wont, wonnet |
3rd plural | winnen | wonnen |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | winne | wonne |
2nd singular | wins, winnes | wonnes |
3rd singular | winne | wonne |
1st plural | winnen | wonnen |
2nd plural | wint, winnet | wonnet |
3rd plural | winnen | wonnen |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | win, winne | |
Plural | wint, winnet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | winnende | gewonnen |
Descendants
- Dutch: winnen
- Afrikaans: wen
- Berbice Creole Dutch: won
- Negerhollands: win, wind
- → Sranan Tongo: wini
- → Caribbean Javanese: wini
- → Galibi Carib: winimary
- Limburgish: winne
Further reading
- “winnen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “winnen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English
Alternative forms
- win, winne, wine, when, wynnen, wyn, wynne, wyne
- wen, wene, whin, whyn (Northern)
- winnie, winnien, wunnen, wynnye, wynnyen (Southwestern)
- winnien, wunnen, wynnyen (southwest Midlands)
Etymology
Inherited from Old English winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (“to labor; to win, gain; to fight, strive”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwinən/
Verb
winnen (third-person singular simple present winneth, present participle winnende, first-/third-person singular past indicative wan, past participle wonnen)
- to exert effort, strive for
- to fight against, war against
- to suffer
- to gain (territory, wisdom, success, a cow, a prize, etc.)
- to make profit, a living, earn a salary
- to beget
- to defeat, triumph over, subjugate
- to proceed, go
- to take, remove
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) winnen, winne | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | winne | wan, won | |
2nd-person singular | winnest | wonne, wanne, wan, won | |
3rd-person singular | winneth | wan, won | |
subjunctive singular | winne | wonne1, wanne1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | winnen, winne | wonnen, wonne, wannen, wanne | |
imperative plural | winneth, winne | — | |
participles | winnynge, winnende | wonnen, wonne, ywonnen, ywonne |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Related terms
- awinnen
- biwinnen
- iwinnen
- wynnere
- wynnyng
Descendants
- English: win
- Scots: win
References
- “winnen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.