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单词 win
释义

win

See also: WIN, Win, Wīn, wiń, wɨn, -win, and .win

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /wɪn/
  • (file)
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪn
  • Homophones: wynn, Nguyen, winne, when (in accents with the whine-wine merger and the pin-pen merger).

Etymology 1

From Middle English winnen, from Old English winnan (to labour, swink, toil, trouble oneself; resist, oppose, contradict; fight, strive, struggle, rage; endure) (compare Old English ġewinnan (conquer, obtain, gain; endure, bear, suffer; be ill)), from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (to swink, labour, win, gain, fight), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (to strive, wish, desire, love). Cognate with Low German winnen, Dutch winnen, German gewinnen, Norwegian Bokmål vinne, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish vinna.

Verb

win (third-person singular simple present wins, present participle winning, simple past won or (obsolete) wan, past participle won)

  1. (obsolete, transitive) To conquer, defeat.
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book IV:
      For and we doo bataille we two wyl fyghte with one knyȝt at ones
      and therfore yf ye wille fyghte ſoo we wille be redy at what houre ye wille aſſigne
      And yf ye wynne vs in bataille the lady ſhal haue her landes ageyne
      ye ſay wel ſayd ſir Vwayne
      therfor make yow redy ſo that ye be here to morne in the defence of the ladyes ryght
    • 1998, Rhapsody, Emerald Sword:
      For the glory, the power to win the Black Lord, I will search for the Emerald Sword.
  2. (transitive, intransitive) To reach some destination or object, despite difficulty or toil (now usually intransitive, with preposition or locative adverb).
    • c. 17th century, unknown author, The Baron of Brackley (traditional folk song)
      I well may gang out, love, but I'll never win home.
    • 1922, Everard Wyrall, The History of the Second Division 1914-1918:
      As this position was vulnerable, a trench was immediately begun from the junction of the Green Line with Lager Alley, back to the old British front line, in order to form a defensive flank for the protection of the troops of the 5th Infantry Brigade who had won through to their objective.
    • 1953, John Craig, The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948:
      Parson Brooke was transferred in a couple of years to the Southwark mint, on dissolution of which he won back to the Tower, there to experiment with machinery in Mary's reign.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. [], London: [] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, stanza 23:
      That euen in the Porch he him did win,
      And cleft his head aſunder to his chin
    • 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “(please specify the introduction or canto number, or chapter name)”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: [] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, []; London: William Miller, and John Murray, OCLC 270129616:
      And when the stony path began,
      By which the naked peak they won,
      Up flew the snowy ptarmigan.
    • 1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: [], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, Limited., published 1886, OCLC 1056292939:
      “Has he nae friends?” said she, in a tearful voice.
      “That has he so!” cried Alan, “if we could but win to them!—friends and rich friends, beds to lie in, food to eat, doctors to see to him—and here he must tramp in the dubs and sleep in the heather like a beggarman.”
  3. (transitive) To triumph or achieve victory in (a game, a war, etc.).
  4. (transitive) To gain (a prize) by succeeding in competition or contest.
    to win the jackpot in a lottery;  to win a bottle of wine in a raffle
  5. (transitive) To obtain (someone) by wooing; to make an ally or friend of (frequently with over).
    • a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the page number)”, in Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio, editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: [] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, OCLC 801077108; republished in Albert Feuillerat, editor, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, OCLC 318419127:
      Thy virtue won me; with virtue preserve me.
    • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
    • 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume II, chapter 14:
      Mr. Weston seems an excellent creature—quite a first-rate favourite with me already, I assure you. And she appears so truly good—there is something so motherly and kind-hearted about her, that it wins upon one directly.
  6. (intransitive) To achieve victory.
    Who would win in a fight between an octopus and a dolphin?
  7. (intransitive) To have power, coercion or control.
    Ever since the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, Bostonians now run as "One Boston." The terrorists did not win.
  8. (transitive) To obtain (something desired).
    The company hopes to win an order from the government worth over 5 million dollars.
  9. (transitive) To cause a victory for someone.
    The success of the economic policies should win Mr. Smith the next elections.
    The policy success should win the elections for Mr. Smith.
  10. (transitive, mining) To extract (ore, coal, etc.)[1].
Conjugation
Derived terms
  • bewin
  • overwin
  • play to win
  • what wins on Sunday sells on Monday
  • win back
  • win friends
  • winner
  • winning
  • winnings
  • win out
  • win over
  • win round
  • win the internet
  • win through
  • win up
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Etymology 2

From Middle English winn, winne, from Old English winn (toil, labor, trouble, hardship; profit, gain; conflict, strife, war), from Proto-Germanic *winną (labour, struggle, fight), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (to strive, desire, wish, love). Cognate with German Gewinn (profit, gain), Dutch gewin (profit, gain).

Noun

win (plural wins)

  1. An individual victory.
    Antonym: loss
    Our first win of the season put us in high spirits.
    • 2011 September 29, Jon Smith, “Tottenham 3 - 1 Shamrock Rovers”, in BBC Sport:
      Giovani dos Santos smashed home a third five minutes later to wrap up the win.
  2. (slang) A feat carried out successfully; a victorious achievement.
    Antonym: fail
  3. (obsolete) Gain; profit; income.
  4. (obsolete) Wealth; goods owned.
Derived terms
  • for the win
  • win-win
  • you win
Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English wynne, winne, wunne, from Old English wynn (joy, rapture, pleasure, delight, gladness), from Proto-West Germanic *wunnju, from Proto-Germanic *wunjō (joy, delight, pleasure, lust), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (to strive, wish, desire, love).

Cognate with German Wonne (bliss, joy, delight), archaic Dutch wonne (joy), Danish ynde (grace), Icelandic yndi (delight).

Noun

win

  1. (Scotland) Pleasure; joy; delight.
Derived terms
  • worldly win

Etymology 4

From wind.

Verb

win

  1. (transitive, Scotland) To dry by exposure to the wind.

References

  1. 1881, Rossiter W. Raymond, A Glossary of Mining and Metallurgical Terms

Chuukese

Etymology

Borrowed from English win.

Noun

win

  1. win
  2. victory
  3. prize

Verb

win

  1. to win

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪn
  • IPA(key): /ʋɪn/

Verb

win

  1. first-person singular present indicative of winnen
  2. imperative of winnen

Kis

Noun

win

  1. woman

Further reading

  • Malcolm Ross, Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia, Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)
  • Stephen Adolphe Wurm, New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study (1976)

Middle English

Noun

win (uncountable)

  1. Alternative form of wynne (happiness)

Etymology 2

From Old English winn, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winną, *winnaną; akin to winnen. Reinforced by earlier iwin, from Old English ġewinn.

Alternative forms

  • winn, winne, wynne, wunne

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /win/

Noun

win (uncountable)

  1. benefit, gain, profit
  2. (Late Middle English) wealth, riches
  3. (Early Middle English) discord, conflict, turmoil
  4. (Early Middle English, rare) exertion, work
Descendants
  • English: win
References
  • win, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 April 2020.

Verb

win

  1. Alternative form of winnen (to win)

Noun

win

  1. Alternative form of vine (grapevine)

North Frisian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /vɪn/

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian wind, from Proto-Germanic *windaz.

Noun

win m

  1. (Mooring) wind

Etymology 2

From Old Frisian wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.

Noun

win m

  1. (Mooring) wine

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.

Noun

wīn m

  1. wine

Descendants

  • Middle Dutch: wijn
    • Dutch: wijn
      • Afrikaans: wyn
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: win
      • Negerhollands: wien, win
      • Saramaccan: wín
      • ? Sranan Tongo: win
        • Arawak: wing
        • Caribbean Javanese: win
    • Limburgish: wien

Further reading

  • wīn”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *wīn from Latin vīnum.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /wiːn/

Noun

wīn n

  1. wine

Declension

Derived terms

  • æppelwīn
  • wīntrēow

Descendants

  • Middle English: wyn, win, wine, wyne, wijn, vine, vyn, vyne, wyen, weyn, wynne
    • English: wine (see there for further descendants)
    • Scots: wyne

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /vin/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -in
  • Syllabification: win

Noun

win f

  1. genitive plural of wina

Noun

win n

  1. genitive plural of wino

Tok Pisin

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Etymology

From English wind.

Noun

win

  1. wind
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:7:
      Bihain God, Bikpela i kisim graun na em i wokim man long en. Na em i winim win bilong laip i go insait long nus bilong man, na man i kisim laip.
      →New International Version translation
  • winim

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology

From English wind.

Noun

win

  1. wind

Derived terms

  • big win

Welsh

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /wiːn/

Noun

win

  1. Soft mutation of gwin.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
gwinwinngwinunchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

West Makian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /win̪/

Noun

win

  1. day
  2. sun

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours, Pacific linguistics
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