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单词 what
释义

what

English

Etymology

From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).

Pronunciation

  • (General American) IPA(key): /ʍʌt/, /wʌt/, /wɑt/
  • (General Australian) IPA(key): /wɔt/
  • (UK, New Zealand) enPR: hwŏt, wŏt, IPA(key): /ʍɒt/, /wɒt/, (glottalized) [wɒʔ(t)]
    • Audio (UK)(file)
      (in accents with the wine–whine merger)
  • (NYC) enPR: wŏt, IPA(key): /wɒt/
    • Audio (US)(file)
      (wine–whine merged)
  • (General South African) enPR: wŏt, IPA(key): /wɑt/, /wɜt/
  • Rhymes: -ɒt
  • Homophones: Watt, watt, wot (all only in British, Australian, New Zealand, New York City accents with the wine–whine merger)
  • (Canada, US) enPR: hwŭt, wŭt, IPA(key): (without wine–whine merger) /ʍʌt/, (with wine–whine merger) /wʌt/
    • (Canada, US, unstressed) IPA(key): (flapped) [wʌɾ], (glottalized) [wʌˀ]
    • Audio (US)(file)
      (stressed, in accents without the wine–whine merger)
    • Audio (US)(file)
      (stressed, in accents with the wine–whine merger)
    • Audio (US)(file)
      (unstressed, flapped, whine-wine merged)
    • Audio (US)(file)
      (unstressed, glottalized, whine-wine merged)
  • (Singapore) IPA(key): /wʌt/, (without the wine–whine merger, rare) /ʍʌt/, (as a particle) [wɐ̠ˑt˨]
  • Rhymes: -ʌt

Determiner

what

  1. (interrogative) Which, especially which of an open-ended set of possibilities.
    What colour are you going to use?
    What time is it?
    What kind of car is that?
  2. (relative) Which; the ... that.
    I know what colour I am going to use.
    That depends on what answer is received.
  3. (relative) Any ... that; all ... that; whatever.
    He seems to have lost what sense he had.
    What money I earn is soon spent.
  4. Emphasises that something is noteworthy or remarkable in quality or degree, in either a good or bad way; may be used in combination with certain other determiners, especially 'a', less often 'some'.
    This shows what beauty there is in nature.
    You know what nonsense she talks.
    I found out what a liar he is.
    1. Used to form exclamations.
      Synonym: such
      What nonsense!
      Wow! What a speech.
      What some lovely weather we've been having!
      What beautiful children you have.
      With what passion she sings!
      • Little Red Riding Hood, traditional folk tale
        “Oh Granny, what big eyes you have,” said Little Red Riding Hood.

Usage notes

In cases where both "what" and "which" are possible, with similar meaning, "what" is preferred for open-ended choices, while "which" is preferred for choices from a closed group or set. For example, "Which one of these do you want?" not "What one of these do you want?".

As used to begin an exclamation, what and such are largely interchangeable, with a few exceptions:

  • Nouns modified by such need not appear at the beginning of the sentence: She sings with such passion.
  • such requires that the noun phrase it modifies be gradable in some way. Such a disaster! is acceptable because a disaster may be minor or major in degree, but Such a movie! is not (except with the unusual meaning that the movie under discussion has especially "movie-like" qualities).

how is another word used at the beginning of a sentence to form an exclamation (How quickly he ran!), but it modifies different syntactic elements (verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and certain determinatives).

Derived terms

  • what say you

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Pronoun

what

  1. (interrogative) Which thing, event, circumstance, etc.: used in asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc.
    What is your name?
    Ask them what they want.
    • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
      The gym is across from … what? — The gym is across from the lounge. — Across from the lounge. Right. Thanks!
      Audio (US)(file)
  2. (fused relative) That which; those that; the thing(s) that.
    He knows what he wants.
    What is amazing is his boundless energy.
    And, what's even worse, I have to work on Sunday too.
  3. (fused relative) Anything that; all that; whatever.
    I will do what I can to help you.
    What is mine is yours.
  4. (relative, nonstandard) That; which; who.
    'Ere! There's that bloke what I saw earlier!
    • 1902, J. M. Barrie, The Admirable Crichton:
      That’s her; that’s the thing what has stole his heart from me.
    • 2017, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2:
      For, it is a name what strikes fear in the heart of anyone what hears it.

Translations

Adverb

what (not comparable)

  1. (interrogative) In what way; to what extent.
    What does it matter?
    What do you care?
  2. Used before a prepositional phrase to emphasise that something is taken into consideration as a cause or reason; usually used in combination with 'with' (see what with), and much less commonly with other prepositions.
    • 1787, Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, Letters on the Study and Use of History: A Letter to Sir William Windham, page 83
      In short; what by the indiscretion of people here, what by the rebound which came often back from London, what by the private interests and ambitious views of persons in the French court, and what by other causes unnecessary to be examined now, the most private transactions came to light [...]
    • 1815, Rev. Mr. Milne, letter reprinted in The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, Volume 23, page 82.
      The Chinese of all ranks, and in every place, received my books gladly, and listened with patience to what I had to say about the true God.—So that what from opportunities of attending to the object of my Mission among the Chinese—what from seasons of religious instruction to Dutch and English—what from intercourse with gentlemen of education and knowledge of the world—what from occasions of stating clearly the object of Missions, and of endeavouring to remove prejudices against them—and what from the view of a highly cultivated country, happy under an enlightened and liberal government, I have much reason to be satisfied with this journey [...]

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Interjection

what

  1. An expression of surprise or disbelief.
    • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
      What, have his daughters brought him to this pass?
    What! That’s amazing!
  2. What do you want? An abrupt, usually unfriendly enquiry as to what a person desires.
    What? I'm busy.
  3. (Britain, colloquial, dated) Clipping of what do you say? Used as a type of tag question to emphasise a statement and invite agreement, often rhetorically.
    • 1918, Denis Garstin, The Shilling Soldiers‎, London: Hodder and Stoughton, page 83:
      “That’s riled them,” said my compaion. “Good work, what?”
    • 1991 May 12, "Kidnapped!" Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:
      Chuffy: WHAT? No, no, no, no, no. My casa is your casa, what?
    It’s a nice day, what?
  4. What did you say? I beg your pardon?
    — Could I have some of those aarrrrrr mmmm ...
    — What?
  5. Indicating a guess or approximation, or a pause to try to recall information.
    I must have been, what, about five years old.

Alternative forms

  • wha

Synonyms

  • (colloquial British interjection): what-what, wot
  • (what did you say?): come again, pardon; see also Thesaurus:say again

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

what (countable and uncountable, plural whats)

  1. (obsolete, uncountable) Something; thing; stuff.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, stanza 7:
      They prayd him sit, and gave him for to feed / Such homely what as serves the simple clowne, / That doth despise the dainties of the towne […]
  2. (countable) The identity of a thing, as an answer to a question of what.
    • 2005, Norman K. Denzin, Yvonna S. Lincoln, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (page 493)
      The emphasis on the interplay between the hows and whats of interpretive practice is paramount.
  3. (countable) Something that is addressed by what, as opposed to a person, addressed by who.
    • 2012, "We Are Both", season 2, episode 2 of Once Upon a Time
      Regina: What are you?
      Rumplestiltskin: What? What? What? My, my, what a rude question! I am not a what.

Particle

what

  1. (Manglish, Singlish) Emphasizes the truth of an assertion made to contradict an evidently false assumption held by the listener.
    — Too bad there isn't a library nearby.
    — The National Library is a five-minute walk from here what.
    • 1978, L. C. Cheong, Youth in the Army, page 142:
      Most things come from Europe what.
    • 2007, yansimon52, soc.culture.singapore, Usenet:
      […] they can't be the same what?

Derived terms

  • or what
  • so what
  • wha
  • what for
  • what ho
  • what if
  • what is more
  • whatness
  • what's what
  • what the Devil, deuce, dickens, hell, heck, fuck
  • what the doctor ordered, just what the doctor ordered
  • what with

See also

  • leh, lor, hor, meh, mah, lah

References

  • Low, Ee Ling; Brown, Adam (2005) English in Singapore: An Introduction, →ISBN
  • Kuteva, Tania; Rhee, Seongha; Ziegeler, Debra; Sabban, Jessica (2018), “On sentence-final “what” in Singlish: Are you the Queen of England, or what?”, in Journal of Language Contact‎

Anagrams

  • HAWT, Thaw, Wath, hawt, thaw, wath

Chinese

Alternative forms

  • What

Etymology

From clipping of English WhatsApp.

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): wot1, wat1
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: wot1, wat1
      • Yale: wōt, wāt
      • Cantonese Pinyin: wot7, wat7
      • Guangdong Romanization: wod1, wed1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /wɔːt̚⁵/, /wɐt̚⁵/

Verb

what

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to WhatsApp; to send via WhatsApp

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód.

Alternative forms

  • whad, whote, watte, wath, wad, qhat

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʍat/, /wat/

Pronoun

what

  1. what
Descendants
  • English: what
  • Scots: what, whate, whit, whut, wha', quhat, quat, fat, faht, phat, fit, fut, fout, at
  • Yola: faade, fhaade, faad, fade, f'ad, fad, fadere

Adverb

what

  1. Why.
    • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Sompners Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], OCLC 230972125; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, OCLC 932884868:
      What shulde I tel the answere of the knyght?
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • 1641 May, John Milton, Of Reformation Touching Church-Discipline in England: And the Cavvses that hitherto have Hindred it; republished as Will Taliaferro Hale, editor, Of Reformation Touching Church-Discipline in England (Yale Studies in English; LIV), New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1916, OCLC 260112239:
      But what do I stand reckoning upon advantages and gains lost by the misrule and turbulency of the prelates?
  2. Used to introduce each of two coordinate phrases or concepts; both...and...
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “primum”, in Le Morte Darthur, book III:
      And as for on C good knyghtes I haue my self / but I fawte / l / for so many haue ben slayne in my dayes / and so Ladegreans delyuerd his doughter Gweneuer vnto Merlyn / and the table round with the C knyghtes / and so they rode fresshly with grete royalte / what by water and what by land / tyl that they came nyghe vnto london
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

References

  • “what, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Noun

what

  1. Alternative form of whate

Scots

Etymology 1

From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat. Cognates include English what and Yola faade.

Alternative forms

  • whate, whit, whut, wha', quhat, quat, fat, faht, phat, fit, fut, fout, at

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʍɑt], [ʍɪt], [ʍʌt], [ʍɑʔ][1]
  • (Shetland) IPA(key): [kwɑt][1]

Pronoun

what

  1. (interrogative) what?
  2. (relative) that, which

Adverb

what

  1. (interrogative) how?
  2. (interrogative) why?
  3. (relative) as, than, how
  4. (exclamatory) how!

Determiner

what

  1. (interrogative) what?
  2. (relative) what, which
  3. (exclamatory) what a lot of! how many!

Etymology 2

From Middle English whetten, from Old English hwettan, from Proto-West Germanic *hwattjan. Cognates include English whet.

Alternative forms

  • whatt

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʍɑt][2]

Verb

what (third-person singular simple present whats, present participle whatin, simple past whatt, past participle whatt)

  1. (transitive) to whet, hone, sharpen

References

  1. “what, pron., adv., conj., interj.,.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
  2. “what, v., n..” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English whetten, from Old English hwettan, from Proto-West Germanic *hwattjan.

Verb

what

  1. to whet

References

  • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 78
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