wfꜣ

wfꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Based on descendant ⲟⲩⲱϥ (ouōf):

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːfaʀ/ → /ˈwaːfaʀ/ → /ˈwaːfəʔ/ → /ˈwoːf/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːfaʀ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːfaʀ/
• (Medio-Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːfəʔ/
• (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwoːf/

Based on descendant ⲟⲩⲟϥ (ouof):

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwafʀuw/ → /ˈwafʀuw/ → /ˈwafʔəʔ/ → /ˈwaf/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwafʀuw/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwafʀuw/
• (Medio-Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwafʔəʔ/
• (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaf/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛfɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: wefa

Noun

 m

1. lung

Inflection

Declension of wfꜣ (masculine)

singular	wfꜣ
dual	wfꜣwj
plural	wfꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wfꜣ  

wfꜣw

[New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϥ (ouōf), ⲟⲩⲟϥ (ouof)

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to discuss, to talk about
2. (transitive) to support, to agree with (someone’s plea)
3. (transitive) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. to reproach, to speak ill of (someone)

Inflection

Conjugation of wfꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wfꜣ, geminated stem: wfꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
wfꜣ	wfꜣw, wfꜣ	wfꜣt	wfꜣ	wfꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
wfꜣ	ḥr wfꜣ	m wfꜣ	r wfꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wfꜣ.n	wfꜣw, wfꜣ	consecutive	wfꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	wfꜣt
perfective3	wfꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	wfꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	wfꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	wfꜣ	wfꜣꜣ	potentialis1	wfꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	wfꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wfꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	wfꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	wfꜣ	wfꜣ, wfꜣw5, wfꜣy5
imperfective	wfꜣ, wfꜣy, wfꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	wfꜣ, wfꜣj6, wfꜣy6	wfꜣ, wfꜣw5
prospective	wfꜣ, wfꜣtj7	—	wfꜣtj4, wfꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Noun

 m

1. conversation, talk
2. subject or theme of discussion

Inflection

Declension of wfꜣ (masculine)

singular	wfꜣ
dual	wfꜣwj
plural	wfꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wfꜣ  

wfꜣ

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 306.3–306.4
• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 60
• Hannig, Rainer (1997) Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch: die Sprache der Pharaonen (2800–950 v. Chr.) (Hannig-Lexica; 1), second edition, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, →ISBN, page 193