avertir
French
Etymology
From Middle French advertir, from Old French avertir, from Latin advertō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a.vɛʁ.tiʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
avertir
- to warn
- to notify
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of avertir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | avertir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | avertissant /a.vɛʁ.ti.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | averti /a.vɛʁ.ti/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | avertis /a.vɛʁ.ti/ | avertis /a.vɛʁ.ti/ | avertit /a.vɛʁ.ti/ | avertissons /a.vɛʁ.ti.sɔ̃/ | avertissez /a.vɛʁ.ti.se/ | avertissent /a.vɛʁ.tis/ |
| imperfect | avertissais /a.vɛʁ.ti.sɛ/ | avertissais /a.vɛʁ.ti.sɛ/ | avertissait /a.vɛʁ.ti.sɛ/ | avertissions /a.vɛʁ.ti.sjɔ̃/ | avertissiez /a.vɛʁ.ti.sje/ | avertissaient /a.vɛʁ.ti.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | avertis /a.vɛʁ.ti/ | avertis /a.vɛʁ.ti/ | avertit /a.vɛʁ.ti/ | avertîmes /a.vɛʁ.tim/ | avertîtes /a.vɛʁ.tit/ | avertirent /a.vɛʁ.tiʁ/ | |
| future | avertirai /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁe/ | avertiras /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁa/ | avertira /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁa/ | avertirons /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɔ̃/ | avertirez /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁe/ | avertiront /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | avertirais /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | avertirais /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | avertirait /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | avertirions /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁjɔ̃/ | avertiriez /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁje/ | avertiraient /a.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | avertisse /a.vɛʁ.tis/ | avertisses /a.vɛʁ.tis/ | avertisse /a.vɛʁ.tis/ | avertissions /a.vɛʁ.ti.sjɔ̃/ | avertissiez /a.vɛʁ.ti.sje/ | avertissent /a.vɛʁ.tis/ |
| imperfect2 | avertisse /a.vɛʁ.tis/ | avertisses /a.vɛʁ.tis/ | avertît /a.vɛʁ.ti/ | avertissions /a.vɛʁ.ti.sjɔ̃/ | avertissiez /a.vɛʁ.ti.sje/ | avertissent /a.vɛʁ.tis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | avertis /a.vɛʁ.ti/ | — | avertissons /a.vɛʁ.ti.sɔ̃/ | avertissez /a.vɛʁ.ti.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- avertissement
- avertisseur
- un homme averti en vaut deux
Further reading
- “avertir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- verrait, vitrera
Old French
Alternative forms
- advertir
- advertyr
- avertyr
Verb
avertir
- to inform; to notify
- (reflexive, s'avertir) to notice; to remark
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of avertir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | avertir | avoir averti | |||||
| gerund | en avertissant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | avertissant | ||||||
| past participle | averti | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | avertis | avertis | avertist | avertissons | avertissez | avertissent |
| imperfect | avertissoie, avertisseie | avertissoies, avertisseies | avertissoit, avertisseit | avertissiiens, avertissiens | avertissiiez, avertissiez | avertissoient, avertisseient | |
| preterite | averti | avertis | averti | avertimes | avertistes | avertirent | |
| future | avertirai | avertiras | avertira | avertirons | avertiroiz, avertireiz, avertirez | avertiront | |
| conditional | avertiroie, avertireie | avertiroies, avertireies | avertiroit, avertireit | avertiriiens, avertiriens | avertiriiez, avertiriez | avertiroient, avertireient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | avertisse | avertisses | avertisse | avertissons | avertissez | avertissent |
| imperfect | avertisse | avertisses | avertist | avertissons, avertissiens | avertissoiz, avertissez, avertissiez | avertissent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | avertis | — | avertissons | avertissez | — | ||
Descendants
- French: avertir
- Norman: avèrti (Jersey)
- → Middle English: advertisen, avertisen
- English: advertise
- Scots: adverteese, adverteeze, advertish