-w
See also: Appendix:Variations of "w"
Egyptian
Etymology 1
Possibly derived from a lengthened form of Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case marker).
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /aw/, /w/ → /aw/, /w/ → /(ə)/, /ʔ/, /w/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /uː/
- Conventional anglicization: -u
Suffix
- Used to form the masculine plural forms of nouns and adjectives
Usage notes
The plural is occasionally represented by writing the phonetic or determinative glyph three times, e.g. tꜣw:
Derived terms
- -wj
- -wt
Etymology 2
From Proto-Afroasiatic *-u (nominative case marker).
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /w/ → /w/ → /(w)/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /uː/
- Conventional anglicization: -u
Suffix
- Forms a-stem masculine nouns from roots.
- ḥfꜣ- → ḥfꜣw (“(male) snake”)
- Forms u-stem masculine nouns from roots.
- hrw- → hrw(w) (“day”)
Usage notes
In good orthography, -w is written with a-stem nouns but left unwritten with u-stem nouns, hence hrww, rꜥw are written hrw, rꜥ.
Suffix
- Forms agent nouns from verbs.
Suffix
- Forms adverbs from certain adjectives; -ly
- Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions.
Suffix
- Forms the negatival complement of all verbs except geminate and anomalous verbs.
Usage notes
Often this ending is entirely omitted.
Suffix
- Forms the prospective of all verbs except second geminate, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
- Forms the prospective passive of all verbs except fourth weak, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
- Forms the perfect passive of all verbs except second geminate verbs.
Usage notes
Often this ending is entirely omitted.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -w
-y | |||
chiefly in weak verbs |
Suffix
- Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective passive participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
- Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective relative form of all verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -w
-w | -y | |||||
relative form only; rare |
Suffix
- Optionally marks the masculine singular perfective passive participle of strong verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -w
-w | -y |
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 354, etc. page 328–329, 354, etc..
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 58–59, 251
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /u/
Suffix
-w
- used to form pet names
- Megan + -w → Begw
- Ann + -w → Nanw
- Siân + -w → Sianw
Derived terms
Category Welsh terms suffixed with -w not found