vunguza
Zulu
Verb
-vunguza?
- (intransitive, of wind) to blow
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuvunguza | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuvunguza | ukungavunguzi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | vunguza | -vunguze | |||||||
Plural | vunguzani | -vunguzeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyavunguza, ngivunguza | engivunguzayo, engivunguza | ngivunguza | angivunguzi | engingavunguzi | ngingavunguzi | |||
2nd singular | uyavunguza, uvunguza | ovunguzayo, ovunguza | uvunguza | awuvunguzi | ongavunguzi | ungavunguzi | |||
1st plural | siyavunguza, sivunguza | esivunguzayo, esivunguza | sivunguza | asivunguzi | esingavunguzi | singavunguzi | |||
2nd plural | niyavunguza, nivunguza | enivunguzayo, enivunguza | nivunguza | anivunguzi | eningavunguzi | ningavunguzi | |||
Class 1 | uyavunguza, uvunguza | ovunguzayo, ovunguza | evunguza | akavunguzi | ongavunguzi | engavunguzi | |||
Class 2 | bayavunguza, bavunguza | abavunguzayo, abavunguza | bevunguza | abavunguzi | abangavunguzi | bengavunguzi | |||
Class 3 | uyavunguza, uvunguza | ovunguzayo, ovunguza | uvunguza | awuvunguzi | ongavunguzi | ungavunguzi | |||
Class 4 | iyavunguza, ivunguza | evunguzayo, evunguza | ivunguza | ayivunguzi | engavunguzi | ingavunguzi | |||
Class 5 | liyavunguza, livunguza | elivunguzayo, elivunguza | livunguza | alivunguzi | elingavunguzi | lingavunguzi | |||
Class 6 | ayavunguza, avunguza | avunguzayo, avunguza | evunguza | awavunguzi | angavunguzi | engavunguzi | |||
Class 7 | siyavunguza, sivunguza | esivunguzayo, esivunguza | sivunguza | asivunguzi | esingavunguzi | singavunguzi | |||
Class 8 | ziyavunguza, zivunguza | ezivunguzayo, ezivunguza | zivunguza | azivunguzi | ezingavunguzi | zingavunguzi | |||
Class 9 | iyavunguza, ivunguza | evunguzayo, evunguza | ivunguza | ayivunguzi | engavunguzi | ingavunguzi | |||
Class 10 | ziyavunguza, zivunguza | ezivunguzayo, ezivunguza | zivunguza | azivunguzi | ezingavunguzi | zingavunguzi | |||
Class 11 | luyavunguza, luvunguza | oluvunguzayo, oluvunguza | luvunguza | aluvunguzi | olungavunguzi | lungavunguzi | |||
Class 14 | buyavunguza, buvunguza | obuvunguzayo, obuvunguza | buvunguza | abuvunguzi | obungavunguzi | bungavunguzi | |||
Class 15 | kuyavunguza, kuvunguza | okuvunguzayo, okuvunguza | kuvunguza | akuvunguzi | okungavunguzi | kungavunguzi | |||
Class 17 | kuyavunguza, kuvunguza | okuvunguzayo, okuvunguza | kuvunguza | akuvunguzi | okungavunguzi | kungavunguzi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngivunguzile, ngivunguzē | engivunguzile, engivunguzē | ngivunguzile, ngivunguzē | angivunguzanga | engingavunguzanga | ngingavunguzanga | |||
2nd singular | uvunguzile, uvunguzē | ovunguzile, ovunguzē | uvunguzile, uvunguzē | awuvunguzanga | ongavunguzanga | ungavunguzanga | |||
1st plural | sivunguzile, sivunguzē | esivunguzile, esivunguzē | sivunguzile, sivunguzē | asivunguzanga | esingavunguzanga | singavunguzanga | |||
2nd plural | nivunguzile, nivunguzē | enivunguzile, enivunguzē | nivunguzile, nivunguzē | anivunguzanga | eningavunguzanga | ningavunguzanga | |||
Class 1 | uvunguzile, uvunguzē | ovunguzile, ovunguzē | evunguzile, evunguzē | akavunguzanga | ongavunguzanga | engavunguzanga | |||
Class 2 | bavunguzile, bavunguzē | abavunguzile, abavunguzē | bevunguzile, bevunguzē | abavunguzanga | abangavunguzanga | bengavunguzanga | |||
Class 3 | uvunguzile, uvunguzē | ovunguzile, ovunguzē | uvunguzile, uvunguzē | awuvunguzanga | ongavunguzanga | ungavunguzanga | |||
Class 4 | ivunguzile, ivunguzē | evunguzile, evunguzē | ivunguzile, ivunguzē | ayivunguzanga | engavunguzanga | ingavunguzanga | |||
Class 5 | livunguzile, livunguzē | elivunguzile, elivunguzē | livunguzile, livunguzē | alivunguzanga | elingavunguzanga | lingavunguzanga | |||
Class 6 | avunguzile, avunguzē | avunguzile, avunguzē | evunguzile, evunguzē | awavunguzanga | angavunguzanga | engavunguzanga | |||
Class 7 | sivunguzile, sivunguzē | esivunguzile, esivunguzē | sivunguzile, sivunguzē | asivunguzanga | esingavunguzanga | singavunguzanga | |||
Class 8 | zivunguzile, zivunguzē | ezivunguzile, ezivunguzē | zivunguzile, zivunguzē | azivunguzanga | ezingavunguzanga | zingavunguzanga | |||
Class 9 | ivunguzile, ivunguzē | evunguzile, evunguzē | ivunguzile, ivunguzē | ayivunguzanga | engavunguzanga | ingavunguzanga | |||
Class 10 | zivunguzile, zivunguzē | ezivunguzile, ezivunguzē | zivunguzile, zivunguzē | azivunguzanga | ezingavunguzanga | zingavunguzanga | |||
Class 11 | luvunguzile, luvunguzē | oluvunguzile, oluvunguzē | luvunguzile, luvunguzē | aluvunguzanga | olungavunguzanga | lungavunguzanga | |||
Class 14 | buvunguzile, buvunguzē | obuvunguzile, obuvunguzē | buvunguzile, buvunguzē | abuvunguzanga | obungavunguzanga | bungavunguzanga | |||
Class 15 | kuvunguzile, kuvunguzē | okuvunguzile, okuvunguzē | kuvunguzile, kuvunguzē | akuvunguzanga | okungavunguzanga | kungavunguzanga | |||
Class 17 | kuvunguzile, kuvunguzē | okuvunguzile, okuvunguzē | kuvunguzile, kuvunguzē | akuvunguzanga | okungavunguzanga | kungavunguzanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāvunguza | engāvunguza | ngāvunguza | angivunguzanga | engingavunguzanga | ngingavunguzanga | |||
2nd singular | wāvunguza | owāvunguza | wāvunguza | awuvunguzanga | ongavunguzanga | ungavunguzanga | |||
1st plural | sāvunguza | esāvunguza | sāvunguza | asivunguzanga | esingavunguzanga | singavunguzanga | |||
2nd plural | nāvunguza | enāvunguza | nāvunguza | anivunguzanga | eningavunguzanga | ningavunguzanga | |||
Class 1 | wāvunguza | owāvunguza | āvunguza | akavunguzanga | ongavunguzanga | engavunguzanga | |||
Class 2 | bāvunguza | abāvunguza | bāvunguza | abavunguzanga | abangavunguzanga | bengavunguzanga | |||
Class 3 | wāvunguza | owāvunguza | wāvunguza | awuvunguzanga | ongavunguzanga | ungavunguzanga | |||
Class 4 | yāvunguza | eyāvunguza | yāvunguza | ayivunguzanga | engavunguzanga | ingavunguzanga | |||
Class 5 | lāvunguza | elāvunguza | lāvunguza | alivunguzanga | elingavunguzanga | lingavunguzanga | |||
Class 6 | āvunguza | āvunguza | āvunguza | awavunguzanga | angavunguzanga | engavunguzanga | |||
Class 7 | sāvunguza | esāvunguza | sāvunguza | asivunguzanga | esingavunguzanga | singavunguzanga | |||
Class 8 | zāvunguza | ezāvunguza | zāvunguza | azivunguzanga | ezingavunguzanga | zingavunguzanga | |||
Class 9 | yāvunguza | eyāvunguza | yāvunguza | ayivunguzanga | engavunguzanga | ingavunguzanga | |||
Class 10 | zāvunguza | ezāvunguza | zāvunguza | azivunguzanga | ezingavunguzanga | zingavunguzanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāvunguza | olwāvunguza | lwāvunguza | aluvunguzanga | olungavunguzanga | lungavunguzanga | |||
Class 14 | bāvunguza | obāvunguza | bāvunguza | abuvunguzanga | obungavunguzanga | bungavunguzanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāvunguza | okwāvunguza | kwāvunguza | akuvunguzanga | okungavunguzanga | kungavunguzanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāvunguza | okwāvunguza | kwāvunguza | akuvunguzanga | okungavunguzanga | kungavunguzanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingavunguza | — | ngingavunguza | ngingevunguze | — | ngingevunguze | |||
2nd singular | ungavunguza | — | ungavunguza | ungevunguze | — | ungevunguze | |||
1st plural | singavunguza | — | singavunguza | singevunguze | — | singevunguze | |||
2nd plural | ningavunguza | — | ningavunguza | ningevunguze | — | ningevunguze | |||
Class 1 | angavunguza | — | engavunguza | angevunguze | — | engevunguze | |||
Class 2 | bangavunguza | — | bengavunguza | bangevunguze | — | bengevunguze | |||
Class 3 | ungavunguza | — | ungavunguza | ungevunguze | — | ungevunguze | |||
Class 4 | ingavunguza | — | ingavunguza | ingevunguze | — | ingevunguze | |||
Class 5 | lingavunguza | — | lingavunguza | lingevunguze | — | lingevunguze | |||
Class 6 | angavunguza | — | engavunguza | angevunguze | — | engevunguze | |||
Class 7 | singavunguza | — | singavunguza | singevunguze | — | singevunguze | |||
Class 8 | zingavunguza | — | zingavunguza | zingevunguze | — | zingevunguze | |||
Class 9 | ingavunguza | — | ingavunguza | ingevunguze | — | ingevunguze | |||
Class 10 | zingavunguza | — | zingavunguza | zingevunguze | — | zingevunguze | |||
Class 11 | lungavunguza | — | lungavunguza | lungevunguze | — | lungevunguze | |||
Class 14 | bungavunguza | — | bungavunguza | bungevunguze | — | bungevunguze | |||
Class 15 | kungavunguza | — | kungavunguza | kungevunguze | — | kungevunguze | |||
Class 17 | kungavunguza | — | kungavunguza | kungevunguze | — | kungevunguze | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizovunguza | engizovunguza | ngizovunguza | angizuvunguza | engingezuvunguza | ngingezuvunguza | |||
2nd singular | uzovunguza | ozovunguza | uzovunguza | awuzuvunguza | ongezuvunguza | ungezuvunguza | |||
1st plural | sizovunguza | esizovunguza | sizovunguza | asizuvunguza | esingezuvunguza | singezuvunguza | |||
2nd plural | nizovunguza | enizovunguza | nizovunguza | anizuvunguza | eningezuvunguza | ningezuvunguza | |||
Class 1 | uzovunguza | ozovunguza | ezovunguza | akazuvunguza | ongezuvunguza | engezuvunguza | |||
Class 2 | bazovunguza | abazovunguza | bezovunguza | abazuvunguza | abangezuvunguza | bengezuvunguza | |||
Class 3 | uzovunguza | ozovunguza | uzovunguza | awuzuvunguza | ongezuvunguza | ungezuvunguza | |||
Class 4 | izovunguza | ezovunguza | izovunguza | ayizuvunguza | engezuvunguza | ingezuvunguza | |||
Class 5 | lizovunguza | elizovunguza | lizovunguza | alizuvunguza | elingezuvunguza | lingezuvunguza | |||
Class 6 | azovunguza | azovunguza | ezovunguza | awazuvunguza | angezuvunguza | engezuvunguza | |||
Class 7 | sizovunguza | esizovunguza | sizovunguza | asizuvunguza | esingezuvunguza | singezuvunguza | |||
Class 8 | zizovunguza | ezizovunguza | zizovunguza | azizuvunguza | ezingezuvunguza | zingezuvunguza | |||
Class 9 | izovunguza | ezovunguza | izovunguza | ayizuvunguza | engezuvunguza | ingezuvunguza | |||
Class 10 | zizovunguza | ezizovunguza | zizovunguza | azizuvunguza | ezingezuvunguza | zingezuvunguza | |||
Class 11 | luzovunguza | oluzovunguza | luzovunguza | aluzuvunguza | olungezuvunguza | lungezuvunguza | |||
Class 14 | buzovunguza | obuzovunguza | buzovunguza | abuzuvunguza | obungezuvunguza | bungezuvunguza | |||
Class 15 | kuzovunguza | okuzovunguza | kuzovunguza | akuzuvunguza | okungezuvunguza | kungezuvunguza | |||
Class 17 | kuzovunguza | okuzovunguza | kuzovunguza | akuzuvunguza | okungezuvunguza | kungezuvunguza | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyovunguza | engiyovunguza | ngiyovunguza | angiyuvunguza | engingeyuvunguza | ngingeyuvunguza | |||
2nd singular | uyovunguza | oyovunguza | uyovunguza | awuyuvunguza | ongeyuvunguza | ungeyuvunguza | |||
1st plural | siyovunguza | esiyovunguza | siyovunguza | asiyuvunguza | esingeyuvunguza | singeyuvunguza | |||
2nd plural | niyovunguza | eniyovunguza | niyovunguza | aniyuvunguza | eningeyuvunguza | ningeyuvunguza | |||
Class 1 | uyovunguza | oyovunguza | eyovunguza | akayuvunguza | ongeyuvunguza | engeyuvunguza | |||
Class 2 | bayovunguza | abayovunguza | beyovunguza | abayuvunguza | abangeyuvunguza | bengeyuvunguza | |||
Class 3 | uyovunguza | oyovunguza | uyovunguza | awuyuvunguza | ongeyuvunguza | ungeyuvunguza | |||
Class 4 | iyovunguza | eyovunguza | iyovunguza | ayiyuvunguza | engeyuvunguza | ingeyuvunguza | |||
Class 5 | liyovunguza | eliyovunguza | liyovunguza | aliyuvunguza | elingeyuvunguza | lingeyuvunguza | |||
Class 6 | ayovunguza | ayovunguza | eyovunguza | awayuvunguza | angeyuvunguza | engeyuvunguza | |||
Class 7 | siyovunguza | esiyovunguza | siyovunguza | asiyuvunguza | esingeyuvunguza | singeyuvunguza | |||
Class 8 | ziyovunguza | eziyovunguza | ziyovunguza | aziyuvunguza | ezingeyuvunguza | zingeyuvunguza | |||
Class 9 | iyovunguza | eyovunguza | iyovunguza | ayiyuvunguza | engeyuvunguza | ingeyuvunguza | |||
Class 10 | ziyovunguza | eziyovunguza | ziyovunguza | aziyuvunguza | ezingeyuvunguza | zingeyuvunguza | |||
Class 11 | luyovunguza | oluyovunguza | luyovunguza | aluyuvunguza | olungeyuvunguza | lungeyuvunguza | |||
Class 14 | buyovunguza | obuyovunguza | buyovunguza | abuyuvunguza | obungeyuvunguza | bungeyuvunguza | |||
Class 15 | kuyovunguza | okuyovunguza | kuyovunguza | akuyuvunguza | okungeyuvunguza | kungeyuvunguza | |||
Class 17 | kuyovunguza | okuyovunguza | kuyovunguza | akuyuvunguza | okungeyuvunguza | kungeyuvunguza | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngivunguze | ngingavunguzi | |||||||
2nd singular | uvunguze | ungavunguzi | |||||||
1st plural | sivunguze | singavunguzi | |||||||
2nd plural | nivunguze | ningavunguzi | |||||||
Class 1 | avunguze | angavunguzi | |||||||
Class 2 | bavunguze | bangavunguzi | |||||||
Class 3 | uvunguze | ungavunguzi | |||||||
Class 4 | ivunguze | ingavunguzi | |||||||
Class 5 | livunguze | lingavunguzi | |||||||
Class 6 | avunguze | angavunguzi | |||||||
Class 7 | sivunguze | singavunguzi | |||||||
Class 8 | zivunguze | zingavunguzi | |||||||
Class 9 | ivunguze | ingavunguzi | |||||||
Class 10 | zivunguze | zingavunguzi | |||||||
Class 11 | luvunguze | lungavunguzi | |||||||
Class 14 | buvunguze | bungavunguzi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuvunguze | kungavunguzi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuvunguze | kungavunguzi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngavunguza | ngangavunguza, angavunguza, angangavunguza | |||||||
2nd singular | wavunguza | wangavunguza, awavunguza, awangavunguza | |||||||
1st plural | savunguza | sangavunguza, asavunguza, asangavunguza | |||||||
2nd plural | navunguza | nangavunguza, anavunguza, anangavunguza | |||||||
Class 1 | wavunguza | wangavunguza, akavunguza, akangavunguza | |||||||
Class 2 | bavunguza | bangavunguza, abavunguza, abangavunguza | |||||||
Class 3 | wavunguza | wangavunguza, awavunguza, awangavunguza | |||||||
Class 4 | yavunguza | yangavunguza, ayavunguza, ayangavunguza | |||||||
Class 5 | lavunguza | langavunguza, alavunguza, alangavunguza | |||||||
Class 6 | avunguza | angavunguza, awavunguza, awangavunguza | |||||||
Class 7 | savunguza | sangavunguza, asavunguza, asangavunguza | |||||||
Class 8 | zavunguza | zangavunguza, azavunguza, azangavunguza | |||||||
Class 9 | yavunguza | yangavunguza, ayavunguza, ayangavunguza | |||||||
Class 10 | zavunguza | zangavunguza, azavunguza, azangavunguza | |||||||
Class 11 | lwavunguza | lwangavunguza, alwavunguza, alwangavunguza | |||||||
Class 14 | bavunguza | bangavunguza, abavunguza, abangavunguza | |||||||
Class 15 | kwavunguza | kwangavunguza, akwavunguza, akwangavunguza | |||||||
Class 17 | kwavunguza | kwangavunguza, akwavunguza, akwangavunguza |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “vunguza”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vunguza (3.2.9)”