vulnerar
Catalan
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin vulnerāre.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /vul.nəˈɾa/
- (Central) IPA(key): /bul.nəˈɾa/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /vul.neˈɾaɾ/
Verb
vulnerar (first-person singular present vulnero, past participle vulnerat)
- to harm, damage (a reputation)
- to infringe, violate (rights)
Conjugation
Conjugation of vulnerar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | vulnerar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | vulnerant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | vulnerat | vulnerada | |||||
| plural | vulnerats | vulnerades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | vulnero | vulneres | vulnera | vulnerem | vulnereu | vulneren | |
| imperfect | vulnerava | vulneraves | vulnerava | vulneràvem | vulneràveu | vulneraven | |
| future | vulneraré | vulneraràs | vulnerarà | vulnerarem | vulnerareu | vulneraran | |
| preterite | vulnerí | vulnerares | vulnerà | vulneràrem | vulneràreu | vulneraren | |
| conditional | vulneraria | vulneraries | vulneraria | vulneraríem | vulneraríeu | vulnerarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | vulneri | vulneris | vulneri | vulnerem | vulnereu | vulnerin | |
| imperfect | vulnerés | vulneressis | vulnerés | vulneréssim | vulneréssiu | vulneressin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | vulnera | vulneri | vulnerem | vulnereu | vulnerin | ||
Related terms
- vulnerable
- vulneració
- vulnerant
References
- “vulnerar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin vulnerāre.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: vul‧ne‧rar
Verb
vulnerar (first-person singular present vulnero, first-person singular preterite vulnerei, past participle vulnerado)
- to wound, injure
- to act against, to diminish the power or authority of (something)
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive of vulnerar
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive of vulnerar
Conjugation
Conjugation of vulnerar
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | vulnerar | |||||
| personal | vulnerar | vulnerares | vulnerar | vulnerarmos | vulnerardes | vulneraren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| vulnerando | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | vulnerado | vulnerados | ||||
| feminine | vulnerada | vulneradas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | vulnero | vulneras | vulnera | vulneramos | vulnerades | vulneran |
| imperfect | vulneraba | vulnerabas | vulneraba | vulnerabamos | vulnerabades | vulneraban |
| preterite | vulnerei | vulneraches | vulnerou | vulneramos | vulnerastes | vulneraron |
| pluperfect | vulnerara | vulneraras | vulnerara | vulneraramos | vulnerarades | vulneraran |
| future | vulnerarei | vulnerarás | vulnerará | vulneraremos | vulneraredes | vulnerarán |
| conditional | vulneraría | vulnerarías | vulneraría | vulnerariamos | vulnerariades | vulnerarían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | vulnere | vulneres | vulnere | vulneremos | vulneredes | vulneren |
| preterite | vulnerase | vulnerases | vulnerase | vulnerásemos | vulnerásedes | vulnerasen |
| future | vulnerar | vulnerares | vulnerar | vulnerarmos | vulnerardes | vulneraren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | vulnera | vulnere | vulneremos | vulnerade | vulneren |
| negative | – | vulneres | vulnere | vulneremos | vulneredes | vulneren |
Related terms
- vulnerable
- vulneración
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /vuw.neˈɾa(ʁ)/ [vuʊ̯.neˈɾa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /vuw.neˈɾa(ɾ)/ [vuʊ̯.neˈɾa(ɾ)]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /vuw.neˈɾa(ʁ)/ [vuʊ̯.neˈɾa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /vuw.neˈɾa(ɻ)/ [vuʊ̯.neˈɾa(ɻ)]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /vul.nɨˈɾaɾ/ [vuɫ.nɨˈɾaɾ]
- Hyphenation: vul‧ne‧rar
Verb
vulnerar (first-person singular present vulnero, first-person singular preterite vulnerei, past participle vulnerado)
- (transitive) to wound; to hurt; to injure
- Synonyms: ferir, lesar, machucar
Conjugation
Conjugation of vulnerar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | vulnerar | |||||
| Personal | vulnerar | vulnerares | vulnerar | vulnerarmos | vulnerardes | vulnerarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| vulnerando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | vulnerado | vulnerados | ||||
| Feminine | vulnerada | vulneradas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | vulnero | vulneras | vulnera | vulneramos | vulnerais | vulneram |
| Imperfect | vulnerava | vulneravas | vulnerava | vulnerávamos | vulneráveis | vulneravam |
| Preterite | vulnerei | vulneraste | vulnerou | vulneramos1, vulnerámos2 | vulnerastes | vulneraram |
| Pluperfect | vulnerara | vulneraras | vulnerara | vulneráramos | vulneráreis | vulneraram |
| Future | vulnerarei | vulnerarás | vulnerará | vulneraremos | vulnerareis | vulnerarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| vulneraria | vulnerarias | vulneraria | vulneraríamos | vulneraríeis | vulnerariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | vulnere | vulneres | vulnere | vulneremos | vulnereis | vulnerem |
| Imperfect | vulnerasse | vulnerasses | vulnerasse | vulnerássemos | vulnerásseis | vulnerassem |
| Future | vulnerar | vulnerares | vulnerar | vulnerarmos | vulnerardes | vulnerarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | vulnera | vulnere | vulneremos | vulnerai | vulnerem | |
| Negative (não) | não vulneres | não vulnere | não vulneremos | não vulnereis | não vulnerem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin vulnerāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bulneˈɾaɾ/ [bul.neˈɾaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: vul‧ne‧rar
Verb
vulnerar (first-person singular present vulnero, first-person singular preterite vulneré, past participle vulnerado)
- to damage or injure
- to violate, to breach, to undermine, to infringe upon, to impinge upon, to contravene
Conjugation
Conjugation of vulnerar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | vulnerar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | vulnerando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | vulnerado | vulnerada | |||||
| plural | vulnerados | vulneradas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | vulnero | vulnerastú vulnerásvos | vulnera | vulneramos | vulneráis | vulneran | |
| imperfect | vulneraba | vulnerabas | vulneraba | vulnerábamos | vulnerabais | vulneraban | |
| preterite | vulneré | vulneraste | vulneró | vulneramos | vulnerasteis | vulneraron | |
| future | vulneraré | vulnerarás | vulnerará | vulneraremos | vulneraréis | vulnerarán | |
| conditional | vulneraría | vulnerarías | vulneraría | vulneraríamos | vulneraríais | vulnerarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | vulnere | vulnerestú vulnerésvos2 | vulnere | vulneremos | vulneréis | vulneren | |
| imperfect (ra) | vulnerara | vulneraras | vulnerara | vulneráramos | vulnerarais | vulneraran | |
| imperfect (se) | vulnerase | vulnerases | vulnerase | vulnerásemos | vulneraseis | vulnerasen | |
| future1 | vulnerare | vulnerares | vulnerare | vulneráremos | vulnerareis | vulneraren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | vulneratú vulnerávos | vulnere | vulneremos | vulnerad | vulneren | ||
| negative | no vulneres | no vulnere | no vulneremos | no vulneréis | no vulneren | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of vulnerar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive vulnerar | |||||||
| dative | vulnerarme | vulnerarte | vulnerarle, vulnerarse | vulnerarnos | vulneraros | vulnerarles, vulnerarse | |
| accusative | vulnerarme | vulnerarte | vulnerarlo, vulnerarla, vulnerarse | vulnerarnos | vulneraros | vulnerarlos, vulnerarlas, vulnerarse | |
| with gerund vulnerando | |||||||
| dative | vulnerándome | vulnerándote | vulnerándole, vulnerándose | vulnerándonos | vulnerándoos | vulnerándoles, vulnerándose | |
| accusative | vulnerándome | vulnerándote | vulnerándolo, vulnerándola, vulnerándose | vulnerándonos | vulnerándoos | vulnerándolos, vulnerándolas, vulnerándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative vulnera | |||||||
| dative | vulnérame | vulnérate | vulnérale | vulnéranos | not used | vulnérales | |
| accusative | vulnérame | vulnérate | vulnéralo, vulnérala | vulnéranos | not used | vulnéralos, vulnéralas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative vulnerá | |||||||
| dative | vulnerame | vulnerate | vulnerale | vulneranos | not used | vulnerales | |
| accusative | vulnerame | vulnerate | vulneralo, vulnerala | vulneranos | not used | vulneralos, vulneralas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative vulnere | |||||||
| dative | vulnéreme | not used | vulnérele, vulnérese | vulnérenos | not used | vulnéreles | |
| accusative | vulnéreme | not used | vulnérelo, vulnérela, vulnérese | vulnérenos | not used | vulnérelos, vulnérelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative vulneremos | |||||||
| dative | not used | vulnerémoste | vulnerémosle | vulnerémonos | vulnerémoos | vulnerémosles | |
| accusative | not used | vulnerémoste | vulnerémoslo, vulnerémosla | vulnerémonos | vulnerémoos | vulnerémoslos, vulnerémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative vulnerad | |||||||
| dative | vulneradme | not used | vulneradle | vulneradnos | vulneraos | vulneradles | |
| accusative | vulneradme | not used | vulneradlo, vulneradla | vulneradnos | vulneraos | vulneradlos, vulneradlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative vulneren | |||||||
| dative | vulnérenme | not used | vulnérenle | vulnérennos | not used | vulnérenles, vulnérense | |
| accusative | vulnérenme | not used | vulnérenlo, vulnérenla | vulnérennos | not used | vulnérenlos, vulnérenlas, vulnérense | |
Further reading
- “vulnerar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014