volcano

See also: Volcano

English

Volcano on an island (Stromboli)

The emoji for volcano. There's an entry at 🌋

Alternative forms

vulcano (obsolete)

Etymology

From Italian vulcano and French volcan, from Latin Vulcanus (“Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metalworking”). Doublet of bolcane.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /vɒl.ˈkeɪ.nəʊ/, (obsolete) /vɒl.ˈkɑː.nəʊ/[1]
(General American) IPA^(key): /vɑl.ˈkeɪ.noʊ/, /vɔl.ˈkeɪ.noʊ/
Audio (US) (file)

Noun

volcano (plural volcanoes or volcanos)

A vent or fissure on the surface of a planet (usually in a mountainous form) with a magma chamber attached to the mantle of a planet or moon, periodically erupting forth lava and volcanic gases onto the surface.
Iceland's volcanoes are among the most active on Earth.
A kind of firework producing an upward plume of sparks.

Hypernyms

mountain

Hyponyms

complex volcano
cryovolcano
mud volcano
shield volcano
stratovolcano
subglacial volcano
supervolcano
table volcano

Derived terms

volcanello
volcanic
volcanism
volcano boarding
volcano bowl
volcano cake
volcanology
volcano plot
volcano potato
volcano rabbit

Descendants

Bislama: volkeno
→ Scottish Gaelic: bholcàno
→ Swahili: volkano, volkeno

Translations

mountain containing a magma chamber

Adyghe: къэбэкъао (qebeqaawo)
Afrikaans: vulkaan
Ainu: ウフイ・ヌプリ (uhui nupuri)
Albanian: vullkan (sq) m
Amharic: እሳተ ጎመራ (ʾəsatä gomära)
Arabic: بُرْكَان‎ (ar) m (burkān)
Gulf Arabic: بُرْكان‎ m (burkān)
Hijazi Arabic: بُرْكان‎ m (burkān)
Aragonese: bolcán m
Armenian: հրաբուխ (hy) (hrabux)
Assamese: আগ্নেয়গিৰি (agnegiri)
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܘܼܠܩܵܢܵܐ‎ m (bulqānā)
Asturian: volcán (ast) m
Azerbaijani: vulkan (az), yanardağ (az)
Basque: sumendi
Belarusian: вулка́н (be) m (vulkán)
Bengali: আগ্নেয়গিরি (bn) (agneygiri)
Bislama: volkeno
Breton: menez-tan m
Bulgarian: вулка́н (bg) m (vulkán)
Burmese: မီးတောင် (my) (mi:taung)
Catalan: volcà (ca) m
Cebuano: bolkan
Central Melanau: gunuong papui
Cherokee: ᎠᏥᎸ ᎣᏓᎸ (atsilv odalv)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 火山 (fo² saan¹)
Dungan: хуәсан (huəsan)
Hakka: 火山 (fó-sân)
Mandarin: 火山 (zh) (huǒshān)
Min Bei: 火山 (hǒ-súing)
Min Dong: 火山 (huōi-săng)
Min Nan: 火山 (hé-soaⁿ)
Wu: 火山 (hu se)
Chuvash: вулкан (vulk̬an)
Cornish: loskvenydh m, menydh tan m
Corsican: volcanu m, vulcanu m
Cree: ᐊᐧᒋᑳᐸᐦᑭᑌᐠ (aycikaapahkitek)
Crimean Tatar: yanardağ
Czech: sopka (cs) f, vulkán (cs) m
Danish: vulkan (da) c
Dupaningan Agta: bulkan
Dutch: vulkaan (nl) m, vuurberg m
Emilian: vulcan m (Bolognese)
Esperanto: vulkano (eo)
Estonian: vulkaan (et), tulemägi
Faroese: gosfjall (fo) n
Finnish: tulivuori (fi)
French: volcan (fr) m
Friulian: vulcan m
Galician: volcán (gl) m
Georgian: ვულკანი (vulḳani)
German: Vulkan (de) m, (poetic) Feuerberg (de) m, feuerspeiender Berg m
Central Franconian: Vulkahn
Greek: ηφαίστειο (el) n (ifaísteio)
Ancient: ἡφαιστεῖον n (hēphaisteîon)
Greenlandic: innermik anitsisartoq
Guaraní: yvyty rata, yvyrata
Gujarati: જ્વાલામુખી m (jvālāmukhī)
Haitian Creole: vòlkan
Hawaiian: lua pele, pele
Hebrew: הַר גַעַשׁ‎ (he) m (har ga'ash), ווּלְקָן‎ (he) m (vulkán)
Hindi: ज्वालामुखी (hi) m (jvālāmukhī)
Hungarian: vulkán (hu), tűzhányó (hu)
Icelandic: eldfjall (is) n, eldstöð (is) f
Ido: volkano (io)
Indonesian: gunung berapi (id), gunung api (id)
Interlingua: vulcano
Irish: bolcán (ga) m
Italian: vulcano (it) m
Japanese: 火山 (ja) (かざん, kazan)
Javanese: gunung geni, redi latu
Kabardian: къэбэкъауэ (qebeqaawe)
Kannada: ಜ್ವಾಲಾಮುಖಿ (kn) (jvālāmukhi), ಅಗ್ನಿಪರ್ವತ (kn) (agniparvata), ಉರಿಬೆಟ್ಟ (kn) (uribeṭṭa)
Kashubian: wùlkan m
Kazakh: жанартау (kk) (janartau)
Khmer: ភ្នំភ្លើង (phnum phləəng)
Korean: 화산(火山) (ko) (hwasan)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: volkan (ku) m
Kyrgyz: жанар тоо (janar too), вулкан (ky) (vulkan)
Lakota: ȟeíle
Lao: ພູໄຟ (lo) (phū fai), ພູເຂົາໄຟ (phū khao fai)
Latin: mons ignifer m, mons ignivomus m, mons Vulcanius m, mons vulcanius m
Latvian: vulkāns m
Ligurian: vurcan m (Monégasque)
Lingala: ngómbá-mɔ̌tɔ, epelelo
Lithuanian: ugnikalnis (lt) m
Low German: Vulkan m
Luxembourgish: Vulkan m
Macedonian: вулкан m (vulkan)
Malagasy: volokano, afotroa (mg)
Malay: gunung berapi (ms)
Malayalam: അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം (agnipaṟvvataṃ)
Maltese: vulkan m
Manx: volcaan m, slieau loshtee m
Maori: puia, ahi tipua
Marathi: ज्वालामुखी (jvālāmukhī)
Mezquital Otomi: fu̱nit’o̱ho̱
Mingrelian: ვულკანი (vulḳani)
Mirandese: bulcon m
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: галт уул (mn) (galt uul)
Nahuatl: tletepētl
Nauruan: please add this translation if you can
Navajo: bighą́ąʼdi kǫʼ dah hadinaad
Neapolitan: vurcano m
Nepali: ज्वालामुखी (ne) (jwālāmukhī)
Newar: गुँजला (gũjalā)
Ngazidja Comorian: dzaha class 5/6
Norman: montangne dé feu f, montangne brûlante f
Northern Sami: dollavárri
Norwegian: vulkan (no) m
Occitan: volcan (oc) m
Oriya: ଜ୍ୱାଳାମୁଖୀ (or) (jwaḷamukhi)
Papiamentu: volkan
Pashto: آتشفشان‎ m (ātešfešãn), اورشيندی‎ (orší́nday)
Persian: آتش‌فشان‎ (âtaš-fešân)
Piedmontese: vulcan m
Polish: wulkan (pl) m
Portuguese: vulcão (pt) m
Punjabi: ਜੁਆਲਾਮੁਖੀ (juālāmukhī), ਅੱਗਪਹਾੜ (aggaphāṛ)
Purepecha: please add this translation if you can
Quechua: ariq
Romanian: vulcan (ro) m
Romansch: vulcan m
Russian: вулка́н (ru) m (vulkán)
Rwanda-Rundi:
Kinyarwanda: ikirunga class 7/8
Samoan: mauga mū
Samogitian: please add this translation if you can
Sanskrit: अग्निपर्वत (sa) m (agniparvata)
Sardinian: vulcanu m, burcanu m
Scottish Gaelic: beinn-theine f, bholcàno m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ву̀лка̄н m
Roman: vùlkān (sh) m
Shona: chikwatamabwe class 7
Sicilian: vurcanu (scn) m, vulcanu (scn) m
Sinhalese: ගිනි කඳු (gini kaⁿdu)
Skolt Sami: tolltuõddâr
Slovak: sopka f, vulkán m
Slovene: ognjenik (sl) m, vulkan (sl) m
Somali: folkaano f
Spanish: volcán (es) m
Swahili: volkano (sw) class 9/10, volkeno class 9/10, zaha
Swedish: vulkan (sv) c
Tagalog: bulkan (tl)
Tahitian: mouʻa auahi
Tajik: вулқон (vulqon), вулкан (vulkan), оташфишон (otašfišon), кӯҳи оташфишон (kühi otašfišon)
Tamil: எரிமலை (ta) (erimalai)
Telugu: అగ్నిపర్వతము (te) (agniparvatamu), జ్వాలాముఖి (te) (jvālāmukhi)
Thai: ภูเขาไฟ (th) (puu-kǎo-fai)
Tibetan: མེ་རི (me ri)
Tongan: lofia
Tulu: ಜ್ವಾಲಾಮುಖಿ (jvālāmukhi)
Turkish: yanardağ (tr), volkan (tr)
Turkmen: wulkan
Tuvan: вулкан (vulkan), оттуг даг (ottug dag)
Ukrainian: вулка́н (uk) m (vulkán)
Urdu: آتشفشاں‎ (ātiś-fiśān)
Uyghur: يانار تاغ‎ (ug) (yanar tagh), ۋولقان‎ (wolqan)
Uzbek: vulkan (uz), vulqon (uz)
Venetian: volcan
Vietnamese: núi lửa (vi), hoả diệm sơn (vi), hoả diễm sơn
Volapük: volkan (vo), (older term, obsolete) filabel
Vurës: vōr
Võro: tulõmägi
Waray-Waray: bulkan
Welsh: llosgfynydd m
West Coast Bajau: belud ngapi
West Flemish: ^{(please verify)} vulkoan
West Frisian: fulkaan c
Yakut: вулкан (vulkan)
Yiddish: וווּלקאַן‎ m (vulkan)
Zulu: intabamlilo class 9/10

Verb

volcano (third-person singular simple present volcanos or volcanoes, present participle volcanoing, simple past and past participle volcanoed)

to erupt; to burst forth
- 1951, Phyllis Hambledon, Nobody's Child
  She shrank back, the words volcanoed, words that stabbed again, and yet again
- 2012, George Pratt, ‎Peter Lambrou, ‎John David Mann, Code to Joy: The Four-Step Solution to Unlocking Your Natural State of Happiness
  Startled, you look up at the horizon just in time to see a gigantic plume of ash and dust volcanoing up into the sky and spreading out to form a gigantic cloud that will persist for days, weeks, perhaps years.

References

Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volume I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 10.572, page 304.