vivo
See also: vívó, vivó, and vivő
Asturian
Adjective
vivo
- neuter of vivu
Esperanto
Etymology
From vivi (“to live”) + -o (nominal suffix).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvivo]
- Audio:
(file) - Rhymes: -ivo
- Hyphenation: vi‧vo
Noun
vivo (accusative singular vivon, plural vivoj, accusative plural vivojn)
- life
- Antonym: morto
Derived terms
- kunvivanto
- malvivo
- malvivulo
- porvivaĵo
- senvivaĵo
- vivaĵo
Related terms
- vivi (“to live”)
Galician
Etymology 1
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese vivo, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbiβʊ]
Adjective
vivo m (feminine singular viva, masculine plural vivos, feminine plural vivas)
- alive, living
- Antonym: morto
- lively
- vivid
- pungent; harsh
- Antonym: suave
- smart
- Synonyms: espelido, listo
Noun
vivo m (plural vivos)
- a decorative band along the border of a cloth
Related terms
- vivir
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbiβʊ]
Verb
vivo
- first-person singular present indicative of vivir
References
- “vivo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “vivo” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “vivo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “vivo” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “vivo” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Esperanto vivo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvivo/
Noun
vivo (plural vivi)
- life
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvi.vo/
- Rhymes: -ivo
- Hyphenation: vì‧vo
Etymology 1
From Latin vīvus (“alive”, “living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).
Adjective
vivo (feminine viva, masculine plural vivi, feminine plural vive, superlative vivissimo)
- alive, live
- brisk, animate, vivacious
- vivid, intense, brilliant
Noun
vivo m (plural vivi)
- living person
Derived terms
- al vivo
- argento vivo
- a viva forza
- a vivo
- dal vivo
- da vivo
- vivamente
Related terms
- vivere
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
vivo
- first-person singular present indicative of vivere
Anagrams
- ovvi
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *gʷīwō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti (“to live”). The x and c in vīxī and vīctum were introduced by analogy with other verbs.
Cognate with Old English cwic (“alive”) (English quick), Old Church Slavonic жити (žiti), Ancient Greek βίος (bíos), Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯iː.u̯oː/, [ˈu̯iːu̯oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈvi.vo/, [ˈviːvo]
Verb
vīvō (present infinitive vīvere, perfect active vīxī, supine vīctum); third conjugation, impersonal in the passive
- I live
- Synonym: dēgō
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.2:
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.1:
- Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.
- As long as one person exists who can dare to defend you, you shall live; you shall live as you do now, surrounded by my many and trustworthy guards, so that you shall not be able to stir one finger against the republic: many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.
- Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.
- I am alive, I survive
- Synonyms: supersum, supervīvō
- I reside in
- Synonyms: resideō, habitō, obsideō, cōnsīdō, possideō, subsīdō, stabulō, iaceō, incolō, colō, versō
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.9:
- O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?
- O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city are we living?
- O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?
Usage notes
This verb is essentially intransitive, and thus has no passive forms. However, some limited passive use is attested:
- impersonal passive use: “negat Epicurus, jucunde posse vivi, nisi cum virtute vivatur”: "Epicurus says we cannot live pleasantly unless we live virtuously" (Cic. Tusc. 3, 20, 49)
- very rare personal passive use in poetry: “nunc tertia vivitur aetas” (Ov. M. 12, 187)
In later Latin, forms such as vivuntur or vivebantur are attested.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of vīvō (third conjugation, impersonal in passive) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | vīvō | vīvis | vīvit | vīvimus | vīvitis | vīvunt |
| imperfect | vīvēbam | vīvēbās | vīvēbat | vīvēbāmus | vīvēbātis | vīvēbant | |
| future | vīvam | vīvēs | vīvet | vīvēmus | vīvētis | vīvent | |
| perfect | vīxī | vīxistī | vīxit | vīximus | vīxistis | vīxērunt, vīxēre | |
| pluperfect | vīxeram | vīxerās | vīxerat | vīxerāmus | vīxerātis | vīxerant | |
| future perfect | vīxerō | vīxeris | vīxerit | vīxerimus | vīxeritis | vīxerint | |
| passive | present | — | — | vīvitur | — | — | — |
| imperfect | — | — | vīvēbātur | — | — | — | |
| future | — | — | vīvētur | — | — | — | |
| perfect | — | — | vīctum est | — | — | — | |
| pluperfect | — | — | vīctum erat | — | — | — | |
| future perfect | — | — | vīctum erit | — | — | — | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | vīvam | vīvās | vīvat | vīvāmus | vīvātis | vīvant |
| imperfect | vīverem | vīverēs | vīveret | vīverēmus | vīverētis | vīverent | |
| perfect | vīxerim | vīxerīs | vīxerit | vīxerīmus | vīxerītis | vīxerint | |
| pluperfect | vīxissem | vīxissēs | vīxisset | vīxissēmus | vīxissētis | vīxissent | |
| passive | present | — | — | vīvātur | — | — | — |
| imperfect | — | — | vīverētur | — | — | — | |
| perfect | — | — | vīctum sit | — | — | — | |
| pluperfect | — | — | vīctum esset, vīctum foret | — | — | — | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | vīve | — | — | vīvite | — |
| future | — | vīvitō | vīvitō | — | vīvitōte | vīvuntō | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | vīvere | vīxisse | vīctūrum esse | vīvī | vīctum esse | — | |
| participles | vīvēns | — | vīctūrus | — | vīctum | vīvendum | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| vīvendī | vīvendō | vīvendum | vīvendō | vīctum | vīctū | ||
Synonyms
- spīrō
Antonyms
- morior
Adjective
vivo
- dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of vivus
Derived terms
- ita vīvam (“as true as I live”)
- nē vīvam sī (“may I die if”)
- supervīvō
- vīctitō
- vīta
- vītālis
- vīvācitās
- vīvāciter
- vīvārium
- vīvārius
- vīvātus
- vīvāx
- vīvēscō
- vīvidus
Related terms
- vīvus
Descendants
- Aragonese: bibir
- → Esperanto: vivi
- Franco-Provençal: vivre
- Friulian: vivi
- Italian: vivere
- Old Leonese:
- Asturian: vivir
- Mirandese: bibir
- Old French: vivre
- Bourguignon: vivre
- Middle French: vivre
- French: vivre
- Norman: vivre (Jersey)
- Old Occitan: viure
- Occitan: viure
- Old Portuguese: viver
- Galician: vivir
- Portuguese: viver
- → Haitian Creole: vèvè
- → English: veve
- → Papiamentu: biba
- → Haitian Creole: vèvè
- Old Spanish: bivir, viver
- Ladin: bivir, viver
- Spanish: vivir
- Romanian: vie, via
- Dalmatian: veiur
- Romansch: viver
- Sardinian: bívere, vívere
- Sicilian: vìviri
- Tarantino: vivere
- Venetian: vìvar, viver
- Walloon: viker (from first-person singular perfect active indicative vīxī)
References
- “vivo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “vivo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vivo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to live in the country: ruri vivere, rusticari
- to live from day to day: in diem vivere
- as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
- to be ten years old: decem annos vixisse
- happiness, bliss: beata vita, beate vivere, beatum esse
- to live in great affluence: in omnium rerum abundantia vivere
- to be at leisure: in otio esse or vivere
- to live on meat, fish, by plunder: vivere carne, piscibus, rapto (Liv. 7. 25)
- to live on one's means: de suo (opp. alieno) vivere
- I have no means, no livelihood: non habeo, qui (unde) vivam
- to live well: laute vivere (Nep. Chab. 3. 2)
- to live a luxurious and effeminate life: delicate ac molliter vivere
- to be on friendly terms with a person: vivere cum aliquo
- to live in solitude: in solitudine vivere (Fin. 3. 20. 65)
- to live to oneself: secum vivere
- to live with some one on an equal footing: aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
- (ambiguous) the necessaries of life: quae ad victum pertinent
- (ambiguous) things indispensable to a life of comfort: res ad victum cultumque necessariae
- (ambiguous) a livelihood: quae suppeditant ad victum (Off. 1. 4. 12)
- (ambiguous) to earn a livelihood by something: victum aliqua re quaerere
- (ambiguous) to be defeated in fight, lose the battle: proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere
- to live in the country: ruri vivere, rusticari
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ivu
- IPA(key): /ˈvi.vu/
- Hyphenation: vi‧vo
Etymology 1
From Old Portuguese vivo, from Latin vīvus, from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós.
Adjective
vivo (feminine viva, masculine plural vivos, feminine plural vivas, comparable, comparative maisvivo, superlative o maisvivo or vivíssimo, diminutive vivinho)
- alive (having life; not dead)
- Antonym: morto
- lively; vivacious
- Synonym: vivaz
- (linguistics, of a language or lect) having native speakers
- Antonym: morto
- strong (highly stimulating to the senses)
- Synonym: forte
- Antonym: fraco
Derived terms
- água-viva
- ao vivo
- entre vivos
- vivinho da silva
Related terms
- vida
- viva
- vivacidade
- vivamente
- vivário
- vivaz
- vivazmente
- vivedor
- vivedouro
- viveiro
- vivência
- vivenciado
- vivencial
- vivenciamento
- vivenciar
- vivenda
- vivente
- viver
- vivi-
- vividamente
- vívido
- vivível
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
vivo
- first-person singular present indicative of viver; "I live"
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbibo/ [ˈbi.β̞o]
- Rhymes: -ibo
- Syllabification: vi‧vo
Etymology 1
From Latin vīvus (“alive, living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).
Adjective
vivo (feminine viva, masculine plural vivos, feminine plural vivas)
- alive, living (having life)
- Antonym: muerto
- intense, strong
- Synonyms: intenso, fuerte
- vivid, lively
Derived terms
- al rojo vivo
- avivar
- cal viva
- cuadro vivo
- de viva voz
- el vivo vive del bobo
- en vivo
- ser vivo
- seto vivo
- viva estampa
- viva imagen
- vivamente
- vivísimo
- vivito y coleando
Related terms
- vida
- vivir
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
vivo
- first-person singular present indicative of vivir
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
vivo
- first-person singular present indicative of vivar
Further reading
- “vivo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014