vitium
Latin
Alternative forms
- vicium (medieval)
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo- (“apart, wrong”), a derivative of the number *dwóh₁ (“two”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯i.ti.um/, [ˈu̯ɪt̪iʊ̃ˑ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈvit.t͡si.um/, [ˈvit̪ː͡s̪ium]
Noun
vitium n (genitive vitiī or vitī); second declension
- flaw, defect, blemish, imperfection
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.147-148:
- accipit ille locus positō vēlāmine cūnctās
et vitium nūdī corporis omne videt- That place receives [you] with all [your] garments set aside,
and exposes every blemish on the naked body.
(See Fortuna Virilis.)
- That place receives [you] with all [your] garments set aside,
- accipit ille locus positō vēlāmine cūnctās
- vice
- crime, wrongdoing, misdeed, sin, error, fault
- Synonyms: dēlictum, peccātum, scelus, noxa, culpa, crīmen, facinus, malum, iniūria, error, dēlinquentia, flāgitium, commissum, maleficium
- Antonyms: bonum, rēctum, virtūs
- disease (of plants)
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | vitium | vitia |
| Genitive | vitiī vitī1 | vitiōrum |
| Dative | vitiō | vitiīs |
| Accusative | vitium | vitia |
| Ablative | vitiō | vitiīs |
| Vocative | vitium | vitia |
1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).
Derived terms
- vitiō
- vitiōsus
- vituperō
Related terms
- vitiōsitas
Descendants
- Albanian: ves
- Catalan: vici
- Friulian: vizi
- Galician: vezo, vizo, vizio
- Italian: vezzo, vizio
- Occitan: vetz
- Old French: vice
- French: vice
- → Middle English: vice
- English: vice
- Piedmontese: vissi
- Portuguese: vezo, viço, vício
- Romanian: viciu
- Sicilian: vezzu, vizziu
- Spanish: vezo, vicio
Further reading
- “vitium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “vitium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vitium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- vitium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- a mistake, solecism: vitium orationis, sermonis or simply vitium
- to be indulgent to a person's faults: indulgere vitiis alicuius
- to be virtuous: virtute praeditum, ornatum esse (opp. vitiis obrutum esse)
- his vices betray themselves: vitia erumpunt (in aliquem) (De Amic. 21. 76)
- to abandon oneself to vice: animum vitiis dedere
- to be tainted with vice: vitiis, sceleribus contaminari or se contaminare (Off. 3. 8. 37)
- to be vicious, criminal: vitiis, sceleribus inquinatum, contaminatum, obrutum esse
- to eradicate vice: vitia exstirpare et funditus tollere
- a life defiled by every crime: vita omnibus flagitiis, vitiis dedita
- to have a natural propensity to vice: natura proclivem esse ad vitia
- (ambiguous) the word aemulatio is employed with two meanings, in a good and a bad sense: aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc nomen sit
- (ambiguous) to be free from faults: omni vitio carere
- (ambiguous) magistrates elected irregularly (i.e. either when the auspices have been unfavourable or when some formality has been neglected): magistratus vitio creati
- (ambiguous) to reproach, blame a person for..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vitio vertere (Verr. 5. 50)
- a mistake, solecism: vitium orationis, sermonis or simply vitium
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vitium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 684
- vitium in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication