virus

See also: Virus, vírus, vīrus, vīruss, virüs, and -virus

English

Wikispecies

The virions that carry the Marburg virus

Etymology

From Middle English virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.

Pronunciation

enPR: vīʹrəs, IPA^(key): /ˈvaɪɹəs/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -aɪɹəs

Noun

virus (countable and uncountable, plural viruses or virusses or (rare) vira or (proscribed) viri or (proscribed) virii)

A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:virus
- 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 64)
  Viruses are the smallest and most simplified forms of life.
- 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
  Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
(uncountable) A quantity of such infectious agents
- 2006, Borlaug, Norman E.; Cunningham, Anthony; Guyer, Jane I.; Herren, Hans R.; Juma, Calestous, chapter 1, in Lost Crops of Africa: Volume 2: Vegetables (U.S. National Research Council Consensus Study Report)‎ (non-fiction), Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, DOI:10.17226/11763, →ISBN, LCCN 93-86876, OCLC 780870457, OL 9863526M, archived from the original on 2021-09-02, page xviii:
  Unless professionally inspected, they [plants] may also carry along unseen pests and diseases (particularly small insects and microbes such as virus or bacteria) whose populations might explode catastrophically in new locations.
(informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.
He's got a virus and had to stay home from school.
(archaic) Venom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.
- 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, The Slum:
  Brazil, that inferno where every budding flower and every buzzing bluebottle fly bears a lascivious virus.
(computing) A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.
(computing, proscribed) Any type of malware.
(figurative) Any malicious or dangerous entity that spreads from one place or person to another.
- 2011, Pat Mesiti, The $1 Million Reason to Change Your Mind
  I am tired of the mind viruses that are crippling people living in the western world — especially in my own nation. Sadly, Australia is becoming known as a nation of whingers.

Hypernyms

(computing): malware

Hyponyms

Computing

cryptovirus

Virology

African swine fever virus
CCP virus
coronavirus
DNA virus
rhinovirus
RNA virus

Derived terms

Virology

viral
virion
viroid
viruscide
virusless

Descendants

Amharic: ቫይረስ (vayräs)
Bengali: ভাইরাস (bhairas)
Burmese: ဗိုင်းရပ်စ် (buing:rapc)
Dhivehi: ވައިރަސް‎ (vairas)
Hindi: वायरस (vāyras)
Japanese: バイラス (bairasu)
Kannada: ವೈರಸ್ (vairas)
Korean: 바이러스 (baireoseu)
Lao: ໄວຣັສ (wai rat)
Malay: virus
Malayalam: വൈറസ് (vaiṟasŭ)
Maltese: vajrus
Sinhalese: වෛරස (wairasa)
Telugu: వైరస్ (vairas)
Thai: ไวรัส (wai-rát)
Urdu: وائرس‎

Translations

infectious organism

Afrikaans: virus (af)
Albanian: virus (sq) m
Alemannic German: virus
Amharic: ቫይረስ (vayräs)
Arabic: ڤِيرُوس‎ m (vīrūs), فِيرُوس‎ m (fīrūs), حُمَة‎ f (ḥuma), فَيْرُوس‎ m (fayrūs)
Hijazi Arabic: ڤَيْروس‎ m (vayrūs), فَيْروس‎ m (fayrūs)
Armenian: վիրուս (hy) (virus)
Assamese: ভাইৰাছ (bhairas)
Asturian: virus (ast) m
Azerbaijani: virus (az)
Basque: birus
Belarusian: ві́рус m (vírus)
Bengali: ভাইরাস (bn) (bhairas)
Bulgarian: ви́рус (bg) m (vírus)
Burmese: ဗိုင်းရပ်စ် (buing:rapc), ရောဂါပိုးမွှား (rau:gapui:hmwa:)
Catalan: virus (ca) m
Chinese:
Cantonese: 病毒 (beng⁶ duk⁶)
Hakka: 病毒 (phiang-thu̍k)
Mandarin: 病毒 (zh) (bìngdú)
Min Dong: 病毒 (bâng-dŭk)
Min Nan: 病毒 (zh-min-nan) (pēⁿ-to̍k, pīⁿ-to̍k)
Wu: 病毒 (bin doq)
Cornish: virus m
Czech: virus (cs) m
Danish: virus (da) c or n
Dhivehi: ވައިރަސް‎ (vairas)
Dutch: virus (nl) n
Esperanto: viruso
Estonian: viirus
Faroese: virus n
Finnish: virus (fi)
French: virus (fr) m
Galician: virus (gl) m
Georgian: ვირუსი (virusi)
German: Virus (de) n or m
Greek: ιός (el) m (iós)
Gujarati: વિષાણુ (viṣāṇu)
Hebrew: נְגִיף‎ (he) m (nagíf), וִירוּס‎ (he) m (vírus)
Hindi: विषाणु m (viṣāṇu), वाइरस m (vāiras)
Hungarian: vírus (hu)
Icelandic: veira (is) f
Indonesian: virus (id), pathik
Irish: víreas
Italian: virus (it) m
Japanese: ウイルス (ja) (uirusu), ウィルス (ja) (wirusu), ビールス (bīrusu), バイラス (bairasu), 病毒 (ja) (びょうどく, byōdoku)
Kannada: ವೈರಸ್ (kn) (vairas)
Kazakh: вирус (virus)
Khmer: វីសាណូ (viisaanou), វីរុស (viiruh)
Korean: 바이러스 (ko) (baireoseu), 병독(病毒) (byeongdok), 비루스 (ko) (biruseu)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: vîrûs (ku)
Kyrgyz: вирус (virus)
Ladino: virus m
Lao: ໄວຣັສ (wai rat), ເຊື້ອ (sư̄a)
Latin: vīrus n
Latvian: vīruss m
Lithuanian: virusas (lt) m
Macedonian: вирус m (virus)
Malay: virus (ms)
Malayalam: വൈറസ് (ml) (vaiṟasŭ)
Maltese: vajrus m
Maori: huaketo, wheori
Marathi: विषाणू (viṣāṇū)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: вирус (mn) (virus)
Mongolian: ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ (wirüs)
Moroccan Amazigh: ⴰⴼⵉⵔⵓⵙ (afirus)
Nepali: भाइरस (ne) (bhāiras), विषाणु (bisāṇu)
Newar: विषाणु (wiṣāṇu)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: virus n
Nynorsk: virus (nn) n
Occitan: virus (oc) m
Oriya: ଭୂତାଣୁ (bhutaṇu)
Pashto: ويروس‎ m (wirús)
Persian: ویروس‎ (fa) (virus)
Polish: wirus (pl) m
Portuguese: vírus (pt) m
Punjabi: ਵਿਸ਼ਾਣੂ (viśāṇū)
Quechua: añaw, ch'iñi khuru
Romanian: virus (ro) n
Russian: ви́рус (ru) m (vírus)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ви́рус m
Roman: vírus (sh) m
Sinhalese: වෛරස (si) (wairasa)
Slovak: vírus (sk) m
Slovene: virus (sl) m
Spanish: virus (es) m
Swahili: virusi (sw)
Swedish: virus (sv) n
Tagalog: haykap, birus
Tajik: вирус (tg) (virus)
Tamil: தீ நுண்மம் (tī nuṇmam)
Tatar: вирус (wirus)
Telugu: వైరస్ (vairas)
Thai: เชื้อ (th) (chʉ́ʉa), ไวรัส (th) (wai-rát)
Tibetan: ནད་དུག (nad dug)
Tigrinya: ቫይረስ (vayräs)
Turkish: virüs (tr)
Turkmen: wirus
Ukrainian: ві́рус m (vírus)
Urdu: حُمہ‎ (huma), وائرس‎ (ur) m (vāiras)
Uyghur: ۋىرۇس‎ (wirus)
Uzbek: virus (uz)
Vietnamese: vi rút, siêu vi trùng, siêu vi khuẩn, siêu vi, vi trùng (vi) (informal), tinh độc (rare)
Volapük: virud
Welsh: firws (cy) m, feirws (cy) m
Yiddish: ווירוס‎ m (virus)

disease

Finnish: virus (fi), virustauti
Georgian: ვირუსი (virusi)
Hebrew: מגפה‎ (he) f (magefá)
Malay: virus (ms)
Welsh: firws (cy) m, feirws (cy) m
Yiddish: איבערגאַנג‎ m (ibergang)

computer virus

Arabic: فِيرُوس‎ m (fīrūs), فَيْرُوس‎ m (fayrūs)
Armenian: վիրուս (hy) (virus), համակարգչային վիրուս (hamakargčʿayin virus)
Azerbaijani: virus proqramları, virus (az)
Belarusian: ві́рус m (vírus), кампу́тарны ві́рус m (kampútarny vírus)
Bulgarian: ви́рус (bg) m (vírus), компю́търен ви́рус m (kompjútǎren vírus)
Burmese: ကွန်ပျူတာ ဗိုင်းရပ်စ် (kwanpyuta buing:rapc)
Catalan: virus (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 病毒 (zh) (bìngdú), 電腦病毒／电脑病毒 (zh) (diànnǎo bìngdú)
Cornish: virus m
Czech: virus (cs) m
Dutch: virus (nl) n, computervirus (nl) n
Estonian: arvutiviirus
Faroese: virus n, telduvirus n
Finnish: virus (fi), tietokonevirus (fi)
French: virus informatique (fr) m
Galician: virus (gl) m
Georgian: ვირუსი (virusi), კომპიუტერული ვირუსი (ḳomṗiuṭeruli virusi)
German: Computervirus (de) m or n
Hebrew: וִירוּס‎ (he) m (vírus), וִירוּס מַחְשֵׁב‎ m (vírus makhshév)
Hindi: वाइरस m (vāiras)
Hungarian: számítógépes vírus, számítógépvírus (hu)
Japanese: コンピューター・ウイルス (konpyūtā uirusu)
Khmer: មេរោគកុំព្យូទ័រ (meirookkompyuutɔə)
Korean: 컴퓨터 바이러스 (keompyuteo baireoseu)
Macedonian: сметачки вирус m (smetački virus)
Malay: virus komputer
Maori: ngārara rorohiko
Norwegian:
Bokmål: datavirus n, virus n
Nynorsk: datavirus n, virus (nn) n
Polish: wirus komputerowy m, wirus (pl) m
Portuguese: vírus (pt) m, vírus de computador m
Romanian: virus (ro) n
Russian: ви́рус (ru) m (vírus), компью́терный ви́рус m (kompʹjútɛrnyj vírus)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: компјутерски вирус m, рачунални вирус m, рачунарски вирус m
Sinhalese: පරිගණක වෛරස (parigaṇaka wairasa)
Slovak: počítačový vírus m
Slovene: računalniški virus m
Spanish: virus (es) m
Swedish: datorvirus (sv), datavirus (sv), virus (sv)
Tagalog: salot (tl)
Thai: ไวรัส (th) (wai-rát), ไวรัสคอมพิวเตอร์
Turkish: virüs (tr), bilgisayar virüsü
Ukrainian: ві́рус m (vírus), комп'ю́терний ві́рус m (kompʺjúternyj vírus)
Vietnamese: vi-rút, siêu vi
Welsh: firws (cy) m, feirws (cy) m

Verb

virus (third-person singular simple present viruses, present participle virusing, simple past and past participle virused)

(nonstandard, rare) To send or infect an electronic device with a computer virus.
I'm just going to virus anyone who tries cheating on this game.

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbiɾus/, [ˈbi.ɾus]

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

virus

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin vīrus.

Noun

virus (definite accusative virusnu, plural viruslar)

(medicine) virus
(computing) computer virus

Declension

Declension of virus
	singular	plural
nominative	virus	viruslar
definite accusative	virusu	virusları
dative	virusa	viruslara
locative	virusda	viruslarda
ablative	virusdan	viruslardan
definite genitive	virusun	virusların

Possessive forms of virus
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	virusum	viruslarım
sənin (“your”)	virusun	virusların
onun (“his/her/its”)	virusu	virusları
bizim (“our”)	virusumuz	viruslarımız
sizin (“your”)	virusunuz	viruslarınız
onların (“their”)	virusu or virusları	virusları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	virusumu	viruslarımı
sənin (“your”)	virusunu	viruslarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	virusunu	viruslarını
bizim (“our”)	virusumuzu	viruslarımızı
sizin (“your”)	virusunuzu	viruslarınızı
onların (“their”)	virusunu or viruslarını	viruslarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	virusuma	viruslarıma
sənin (“your”)	virusuna	viruslarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	virusuna	viruslarına
bizim (“our”)	virusumuza	viruslarımıza
sizin (“your”)	virusunuza	viruslarınıza
onların (“their”)	virusuna or viruslarına	viruslarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	virusumda	viruslarımda
sənin (“your”)	virusunda	viruslarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	virusunda	viruslarında
bizim (“our”)	virusumuzda	viruslarımızda
sizin (“your”)	virusunuzda	viruslarınızda
onların (“their”)	virusunda or viruslarında	viruslarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	virusumdan	viruslarımdan
sənin (“your”)	virusundan	viruslarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	virusundan	viruslarından
bizim (“our”)	virusumuzdan	viruslarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	virusunuzdan	viruslarınızdan
onların (“their”)	virusundan or viruslarından	viruslarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	virusumun	viruslarımın
sənin (“your”)	virusunun	viruslarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	virusunun	viruslarının
bizim (“our”)	virusumuzun	viruslarımızın
sizin (“your”)	virusunuzun	viruslarınızın
onların (“their”)	virusunun or viruslarının	viruslarının

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.ɾus/

(Central) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.ɾus/
Audio (file)

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

virus

Related terms

viral
víric

Cornish

Pronunciation

(Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [ˈviːrʏs]
(Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [ˈviːrɪz]

Noun

virus m (plural virusys)

virus

References

Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
2018, Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (2018 edition, p.190)

Czech

Alternative forms

vir

Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈvɪrus]

Noun

virus m inan

(virology) virus (a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure)
(computing) virus (a type of computer malware)

Declension

Declension of virus

	singular	plural
nominative	virus	viry, virusy
genitive	viru, virusu	virů, virusů
dative	viru, virusu	virům, virusům
accusative	virus	viry, virusy
vocative	vire, viruse	viry, virusy
locative	viru, virusu	virech, virusech
instrumental	virem, virusem	viry, virusy

Related terms

antivirový
odvirovat
virální
virolog
virologický
virologie
virový
zavirovat

Danish

Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

Noun

virus c or n (singular definite virussen or virusset, plural indefinite virus or virusser or vira, plural definite virussene or virusserne or viraene)

virus

Dutch

Etymology

From Latin vīrus. Coined in the virological sense by Martinus Beijerinck; the word had been previously used for pathogens, although not for viruses in the modern sense. The computing sense derives from English virus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈviː.rʏs/
audio (file)
Hyphenation: vi‧rus

Noun

virus n (plural virussen, diminutive virusje n)

(microbiology) virus
(computer science) virus (computer virus)

Usage notes

Like most Latin borrowings, this word kept its original Latin gender (neuter); it is one of the few Dutch words ending in -us which is not masculine; cf. also corpus and opus. Marginally, use as a masculine noun is sometimes erroneously encountered, indeed based on the ending.

Derived terms

computervirus
coronavirus
ebolavirus
griepvirus
herpesvirus
marburgvirus
norovirus
viraal
virusdeeltje
virusdrager
virusinfectie
virusremmer
virusvariant
virusvrij

Related terms

viroloog

Finnish

Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʋirus/, [ˈʋirus̠]
IPA^(key): /ˈʋiːrus/, [ˈʋiːrus̠] (proscribed)
Rhymes: -irus
Syllabification^(key): vi‧rus

Noun

virus

virus
(computer security) virus (computer virus)

Declension

Inflection of virus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		virus	virukset
genitive		viruksen	virusten viruksien
partitive		virusta	viruksia
illative		virukseen	viruksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		virus	virukset
accusative	nom.	virus	virukset
accusative	gen.	viruksen	virukset
genitive		viruksen	virusten viruksien
partitive		virusta	viruksia
inessive		viruksessa	viruksissa
elative		viruksesta	viruksista
illative		virukseen	viruksiin
adessive		viruksella	viruksilla
ablative		virukselta	viruksilta
allative		virukselle	viruksille
essive		viruksena	viruksina
translative		virukseksi	viruksiksi
instructive		—	viruksin
abessive		viruksetta	viruksitta
comitative		—	viruksineen

Possessive forms of virus (type vastaus)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	virukseni	viruksemme
2nd person	viruksesi	viruksenne
3rd person	viruksensa

Anagrams

virsu

French

Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /vi.ʁys/
audio (file)

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

virus

Derived terms

coronavirus
virus à ADN
virus à ARN
virus informatique

Galician

Etymology

From Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”).

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

virus (pathogen)
computer virus

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.

The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈvirʊs]
Hyphenation: vi‧rus

Noun

virus (plural virus-virus, first-person possessive virusku, second-person possessive virusmu, third-person possessive virusnya)

virus:
1. (biology, virology) A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
2. (computing) computer virus: A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data.

Interlingua

Noun

virus (plural viruses)

virus

Related terms

virusal

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈvi.rus/
Rhymes: -irus
Hyphenation: vì‧rus

Noun

virus m (invariable)

(virology) virus

Ladino

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈvirus/

Noun

virus m (Latin spelling)

virus
- 2018 February 7, Dora Niyego, “El Antisemitizmo De Oy”, in Şalom‎:
  El antisemitizmo es un prejudizio, komo un virus.
  Antisemitism is a prejudice, like a virus.

Latin

Etymology

Via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Cognates include Sanskrit विष (viṣá), Ancient Greek ἰός (iós), Tocharian B wase, and Middle Irish fí. The neuter gender of this term despite its nominative singular ending in the masculine second-declension -us is possibly a relic of this term's inheritance from a neuter s-stem.[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯iː.rus/, [ˈu̯iːrʊs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.rus/, [ˈviːrus]

Noun

vīrus n sg (genitive vīrī); second declension

A stinking, or rammish smell.
The seed or nature in animals.
A nasty taste.
Poison, venom.
Bitterness, sharpness.
A strong smell of spices or perfumes.[2]
slimy liquid, slime
(New Latin) virus (infectious organism)

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative in -us), singular only.

Case	Singular
Nominative	vīrus
Genitive	vīrī
Dative	vīrō
Accusative	vīrus
Ablative	vīrō
Vocative	vīrus

There is also the heteroclitic genitive singular vīrūs.
When used in modern biology with the same meaning of English virus, a plural can be formed using the same suffixes of regular neuters of the 2nd. declension (i.e., vīra, vīrōrum, vīrīs, vīra, vīrīs, vīra):[3]

Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative plural in -a).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vīrus	vīra
Genitive	vīrī	vīrōrum
Dative	vīrō	vīrīs
Accusative	vīrus	vīra
Ablative	vīrō	vīrīs
Vocative	vīrus	vīra

Synonyms

(poison): venēnum

Derived terms

vīrōsus
vīrulentus
vīrus corōnārium

Descendants

All borrowings.

Albanian: virus m
Arabic: فَيْرُوس‎ m (fayrūs)
- Hijazi Arabic: ڤَيْرُوس‎ m (vayrūs)
Armenian: վիրուս (virus)
Asturian: virus m
Belarusian: ві́рус m (vírus)
Catalan: virus m
Czech: virus m
Danish: virus c or n
Dutch: virus n
English: virus
- Bengali: ভাইরাস (bhairas)
- Dhivehi: ވައިރަސް‎ (vairas)
- Japanese: バイラス (bairasu)
- Korean: 바이러스 (baireoseu)
- Lao: ໄວຣັສ (wai rat)
- Malayalam: വൈറസ് (vaiṟasŭ)
- Urdu: وائرس‎
- Thai: ไวรัส (wai-rát)
Esperanto: viruso
Estonian: viirus
French: virus m
Finnish: virus
Galician: virus m
Georgian: ვირუსი (virusi)
German: Virus n or m
Hungarian: vírus
Ido: viruso
Italian: virus m
Japanese: ウイルス (uirusu), ウィルス (wirusu), ビールス (bīrusu)
Kannada: ವೈರಸ್ (vairas)
Khmer: វីរុស (viiruh)
Latvian: vīruss m
Macedonian: вирус m (virus)
Maltese: vajrus m
Norwegian Bokmål: virus n
Pashto: ويروس‎ m
Persian: ویروس‎
Piedmontese: vìros, vìrus m
Polish: wirus m anim
Portuguese: vírus m
Romanian: virus n
Russian: ви́рус m anim or m inan (vírus)
Serbo-Croatian: ви́рус m (vírus)
Sinhalese: වෛරස (wairasa)
Spanish: virus m
Swahili: virusi
Swedish: virus n
Tagalog: birus
Telugu: వైరస్ (vairas)
Turkish: virüs
Ukrainian: ві́рус m (vírus)
Vietnamese: vi-rút
Volapük: virud
Yiddish: ווירוס‎ m (virus)

References

"virus", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
"virus". in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
virus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
"virus", in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vīrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 682-683
Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary revised 1847 by A. Jamieson,
William T. Stearn, Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary, ed. 3a (David & Charles, 1983): "Virus: virus (s.n. II), gen. sing. viri, nom. pl. vira, gen. pl. vīrorum (to be distinguished from virorum, of men)."

Anagrams

rivus

Malay

Etymology

From English virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos.

Noun

virus (plural virus-virus, informal 1st possessive virusku, 2nd possessive virusmu, 3rd possessive virusnya)

virus:
1. (biology, virology) A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.

Northern Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

virus

virus

Inflection

Odd, no gradation

Nominative

virus

Genitive

virusa

Singular

Plural

Nominative

virus

virusat

Accusative

virusa

virusiid

Genitive

virusa

virusiid

Illative

virusii

virusiidda

Locative

virusis

virusiin

Comitative

virusiin

virusiiguin

Essive

virusin

Possessive forms
	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	virusan	viruseamẹ	viruseamẹt
2nd person	virusat	viruseattẹ	viruseattẹt
3rd person	virusis	viruseaskkạ	viruseasẹt

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa or virusene)

(biology, virology) virus
(computing) virus (computer virus) (see datavirus)

References

“virus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin virus.

Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa)

(biology, virology) virus
(computing) virus (computer virus) (see datavirus)

References

“virus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Etymology

From French virus, Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈvirus/
Rhymes: -irus
Hyphenation: vi‧rus

Noun

virus n (plural virusuri)

virus

Declension

Declension of virus

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) virus	virusul	(niște) virusuri	virusurile
genitive/dative	(unui) virus	virusului	(unor) virusuri	virusurilor
vocative	virusule		virusurilor

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

vírus m (Cyrillic spelling ви́рус)

(medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
(computing) computer virus

Declension

Declension of virus

	singular	plural
nominative	virus	virusi
genitive	virusa	virusa
dative	virusu	virusima
accusative	virus	viruse
vocative	viruse	virusi
locative	virusu	virusima
instrumental	virusom	virusima

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbiɾus/ [ˈbi.ɾus]
Audio (Colombia) (file)
Rhymes: -iɾus
Syllabification: vi‧rus

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

virus
computer virus

Derived terms

antivirus
viral
vírico
virulento

Swedish

Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈviːrɵs/

Noun

virus n

virus

Declension

Declension of virus
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	virus	viruset	virus	virusen
Genitive	virus	virusets	virus	virusens

Tagalog

Alternative forms

birus

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English virus, from Latin vīrus. Doublet of bisa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbajɾus/, [ˈbaɪ̯.ɾʊs]

(nonstandard) IPA^(key): /ˈbiɾus/, [ˈbi.ɾʊs]

Noun

virus

(biology, virology) virus
computer virus

virus

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Hypernyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

Verb

See also

Further reading

Asturian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Cornish

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Further reading

Danish

Etymology

Noun

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Related terms

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Anagrams

French

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Further reading

Galician

Etymology

Noun

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Interlingua

Noun

Related terms

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Ladino

Pronunciation

Noun