viral

viral

See also: viŕål

English

Etymology

virus +‎ -al

Pronunciation

• enPR: vī′rəl, IPA^(key): /ˈvaɪɹəl/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪɹəl

Adjective

viral (not comparable)

1. (virology) Of or relating to a biological virus.

   viral DNA

2. (virology) Caused by a virus.

   viral infection

3. (computing) Of the nature of an informatic virus; able to spread copies of itself to other computers.
4. (advertising and marketing) Spread by word of mouth, with minimal intervention in order to create buzz and interest.
   • 2018 November 14, Jesse Hassenger, “Disney Goes Viral with an Ambitious, Overstuffed Wreck-It Ralph Sequel”, in The A.V. Club‎, archived from the original on 21 November 2019:

     Still, the movie [Ralph Breaks the Internet] manages to locate some gentle satire in our culture's love-hate relationship with the internet. At one point, Ralph must attain a certain level of viral popularity, assisted by the BuzzFeed-esque content guru Yesss (Taraji P. Henson), and the movie is savvy about how accidental spikes in fame can turn into cynical algorithm manipulation.

5. (social media) Circulated rapidly and widely from one user to another.
   • 2021 March 24, Charlie Warzel, quoting Anil Dash, “What Are You Paying for When You Buy a GIF for $25,000?”, in The New York Times‎, ISSN 0362-4331:

     The end game of that is the GoFundMe link posted beneath a viral tweet so they can pay for their health care. Being an influencer sounds fun until it’s ‘keep producing viral content to literally stay alive.’

Synonyms

• virous (dated)

Derived terms

• antiviral
• astroviral
• bovine viral diarrhea
• cardioviral
• cryptoviral
• endogenous viral element
• enteroviral
• go viral
• herpesviral
• intraviral
• neuroviral
• nonviral
• postviral
• poxviral
• previral
• proviral
• pseudoviral
• retroviral
• subviral
• superviral
• viral envelope
• virality
• viral load
• virally
• viral marketing
• viral media
• viralness

 

Translations

relating to a virus in biological sense

Bulgarian: вирусен (virusen) Catalan: víric (ca), viral (ca) Czech: virový (cs) Esperanto: virusa Estonian: viirus- Finnish: virus- Galician: viral German: Virus- Greek: ιικός (el) (iikós) Hungarian: vírus- (hu), virális Ido: virusala (io) Irish: víreasach Korean: 바이러스의 (baireoseuui) Malay: virus (ms) Polish: wirusowy (pl) Portuguese: viral (pt) Romanian: viral (ro) Russian: ви́русный (ru) (vírusnyj) Spanish: viral (es), vírico (es) Swedish: viral (sv) Turkish: viral (tr) Volapük: virudik Welsh: feirol, feirysol

caused by a virus

Catalan: víric (ca), viral (ca) Czech: virový (cs) Estonian: viiruslik Galician: viral German: viral (de) Hungarian: vírusos (hu) Irish: víreasach Korean: 바이러스성 (ko) (baireoseuseong) Polish: wirusowy (pl) Portuguese: viral (pt) Romanian: viral (ro), virotic (ro) Spanish: viral (es), vírico (es) Swedish: viral (sv) Turkish: viral (tr) Volapük: virudik

computing: of the nature of a virus

Estonian: viiruslik Russian: ви́русный (ru) (vírusnyj)

advertising and marketing: spread by word of mouth

Catalan: viral (ca) Estonian: viirusturundus Finnish: viraali (fi) Hebrew: ויראלי (viral)‎ Malay: tular (ms), تولر‎ (tular) Portuguese: viral (pt) Romanian: viral (ro) Serbo-Croatian: zarazan (sh) Spanish: viral (es) Swedish: viral (sv) Turkish: salgın (tr)

(of an image, video, piece of information, etc.) circulating rapidly and widely from one Internet user to another

Malay: tular (ms) Maori: hōrapa Swedish: viral (sv)

Noun

viral (plural virals)

1. (marketing) A video, image or text spread by "word of mouth" on the internet or by e-mail for humorous, political or marketing purposes.
   • 2002, Nik Lever, Flash Mx Games: ActionScript for Artists, Focal Press, page 411,

     Using the Flash ActiveX control in this way allows you as a developer to create desktop characters, email virals and screensavers.

   • 2003, Dave Chaffey, Total E-Mail Marketing, Elsevier, page 2,

     [M]ost virals are not seen as profiling and data collection exercises, since that would kill the impulse of forwarding to a friend.

   • 2005, Russell Evans, Practical DV Filmmaking, Focal Press, page 289,

     Music company virals are becoming commonplace as costs of promos force labels to reconsider how to target more directly to consumers.

Anagrams

• Avril, arvil, rival

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Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /viˈɾal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /biˈɾal/

Adjective

viral (masculine and feminine plural virals)

1. viral (of or relating to a biologic virus)

   Synonym: víric

2. viral (caused by a virus)

   Synonym: víric

3. viral (spread by word of mouth)

Related terms

• virus

Further reading

• “viral” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “viral”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
• “viral” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

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French

Etymology

From virus +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi.ʁal/

Adjective

viral (feminine virale, masculine plural viraux, feminine plural virales)

1. viral (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms

• charge virale

Descendants

• → Romanian: viral
• → Turkish: viral

Further reading

• “viral”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• avril, livra, rival

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German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /viˈʁaːl/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːl

Adjective

viral (strong nominative masculine singular viraler, not comparable)

1. viral

Declension

Positive forms of viral (uncomparable)

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist viral	sie ist viral	es ist viral	sie sind viral
strong declension (without article)	nominative	viraler	virale	virales	virale
	genitive	viralen	viraler	viralen	viraler
	dative	viralem	viraler	viralem	viralen
	accusative	viralen	virale	virales	virale
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der virale	die virale	das virale	die viralen
	genitive	des viralen	der viralen	des viralen	der viralen
	dative	dem viralen	der viralen	dem viralen	den viralen
	accusative	den viralen	die virale	das virale	die viralen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein viraler	eine virale	ein virales	(keine) viralen
	genitive	eines viralen	einer viralen	eines viralen	(keiner) viralen
	dative	einem viralen	einer viralen	einem viralen	(keinen) viralen
	accusative	einen viralen	eine virale	ein virales	(keine) viralen

Derived terms

• antiviral

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Indonesian

Etymology

From English viral.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈviral]
• Hyphenation: vi‧ral

Adjective

viral

1. viral:
   1. (computing, virology) of or relating to virus; caused by a virus.
   2. (advertising, marketing, social media) circulated rapidly and widely from one user to another.

Synonyms

• (social media): tular (Standard Malay)

Derived terms

• memviralkan
• pemviralan
• terviralkan

 

Further reading

• “viral” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

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Portuguese

Etymology

From ví[rus] +‎ -al.[1][2] Piecewise doublet of virusal.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /viˈɾaw/ [viˈɾaʊ̯]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /viˈɾal/ [viˈɾaɫ]

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: vi‧ral

Adjective

viral m or f (plural virais)

1. (microbiology) viral (relating to viruses)
2. (medicine, of a disease) viral (caused by a virus)
3. (Internet) viral (quickly attaining high popularity through word of mouth)

Related terms

• vírus
• virusal

References

1. “viral” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
2. “viral” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French viral.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /viˈral/

Adjective

viral m or n (feminine singular virală, masculine plural virali, feminine and neuter plural virale)

1. (biology) viral (relating to viruses)
2. (medicine, of a disease) viral (caused by a virus)
3. (Internet) viral (quickly attaining high popularity)

Declension

Declension of viral

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	viral		virală	virali	virale
	definite	viralul		virala	viralii	viralele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	viral		virale	virali	virale
	definite	viralului		viralei	viralilor	viralelor

Synonyms

• (relating to viruses, caused by a virus): virotic

Related terms

• virus

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Spanish

Etymology

virus +‎ -al

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biˈɾal/ [biˈɾal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: vi‧ral

Adjective

viral (plural virales)

1. viral (of or relating to a biologic virus)

   Synonym: vírico

2. viral (caused by a virus)

   Synonym: vírico

3. viral (spread by word of mouth)

Derived terms

• antiviral
• viralmente

Further reading

• “viral”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

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Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from French viral.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /viˈɾɑl/
• Hyphenation: vi‧ral

Adjective

viral

1. viral

Related terms

• virüs
• virütik