violo
Catalan
Verb
violo
- first-person singular present indicative form of violar
Esperanto
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian viola, English violet, French violette and Polish fiołek.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- IPA(key): [viˈolo]
- Rhymes: -olo
- Hyphenation: vi‧o‧lo
Noun
violo (accusative singular violon, plural violoj, accusative plural violojn)
- violet (flower)
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /viˈɔ.lo/[1][2]
- Rhymes: -ɔlo
- Hyphenation: vi‧ò‧lo
Noun
violo m (plural violi) (regional, Tuscan)
- violet (plant)
- Synonym: (normal register) viola
- carnation
- Synonym: (normal register) garofano
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /viˈɔ.lo/[3]
- Rhymes: -ɔlo
- Hyphenation: vi‧ò‧lo
Noun
violo m (plural violi) (regional, Venice)
- path
- Synonym: (normal register) viottolo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvi.o.lo/
- Rhymes: -iolo
- Hyphenation: vì‧o‧lo
Verb
violo
- first-person singular present indicative of violare
References
- violo in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
- violo in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
- violo in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
Anagrams
- olivo, ovoli
Latin
Etymology
From vīs (“strength”), as if from some diminutive *viola.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯i.o.loː/, [ˈu̯iɔɫ̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈvi.o.lo/, [ˈviːolo]
Verb
violō (present infinitive violāre, perfect active violāvī, supine violātum); first conjugation
- I treat with violence; I maltreat
- I violate, defile, profane, rape
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.167:
- post illud nec avēs cūnās violāsse feruntur
- Nor after that were they suffering the birds to have violated cradles
(A goddess intervenes after a baby is attacked by striges and her divine prayers impart lasting protection.)
- Nor after that were they suffering the birds to have violated cradles
- post illud nec avēs cūnās violāsse feruntur
- Synonyms: rumpō, irrumpō, frangō, īnfringō
Conjugation
Conjugation of violō (first conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | violō | violās | violat | violāmus | violātis | violant |
imperfect | violābam | violābās | violābat | violābāmus | violābātis | violābant | |
future | violābō | violābis | violābit | violābimus | violābitis | violābunt | |
perfect | violāvī | violāvistī, violāstī3 | violāvit, violāt3 | violāvimus, violāmus3 | violāvistis, violāstis3 | violāvērunt, violāvēre, violārunt3 | |
pluperfect | violāveram, violāram3 | violāverās, violārās3 | violāverat, violārat3 | violāverāmus, violārāmus3 | violāverātis, violārātis3 | violāverant, violārant3 | |
future perfect | violāverō, violārō3 | violāveris, violāris3 | violāverit, violārit3 | violāverimus, violārimus3 | violāveritis, violāritis3 | violāverint, violārint3 | |
sigmatic future1 | violāssō | violāssis | violāssit, violāsit | violāssimus | violāssitis | violāssint | |
passive | present | violor | violāris, violāre | violātur | violāmur | violāminī | violantur |
imperfect | violābar | violābāris, violābāre | violābātur | violābāmur | violābāminī | violābantur | |
future | violābor | violāberis, violābere | violābitur | violābimur | violābiminī | violābuntur | |
perfect | violātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | violātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | violātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | violem | violēs | violet | violēmus | violētis | violent |
imperfect | violārem | violārēs | violāret | violārēmus | violārētis | violārent | |
perfect | violāverim, violārim3 | violāverīs, violārīs3 | violāverit, violārit3 | violāverīmus, violārīmus3 | violāverītis, violārītis3 | violāverint, violārint3 | |
pluperfect | violāvissem, violāssem3 | violāvissēs, violāssēs3 | violāvisset, violāsset3 | violāvissēmus, violāssēmus3 | violāvissētis, violāssētis3 | violāvissent, violāssent3 | |
sigmatic aorist1 | violāssim | violāssīs | violāssīt | violāssīmus | violāssītis | violāssint | |
passive | present | violer | violēris, violēre | violētur | violēmur | violēminī | violentur |
imperfect | violārer | violārēris, violārēre | violārētur | violārēmur | violārēminī | violārentur | |
perfect | violātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | violātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | violā | — | — | violāte | — |
future | — | violātō | violātō | — | violātōte | violantō | |
passive | present | — | violāre | — | — | violāminī | — |
future | — | violātor | violātor | — | — | violantor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | violāre | violāvisse, violāsse3 | violātūrum esse | violārī | violātum esse | violātum īrī | |
participles | violāns | — | violātūrus | — | violātus | violandus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
violandī | violandō | violandum | violandō | violātum | violātū |
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
2Archaic.
3At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Derived terms
- violātor
Descendants
- Catalan: violar
- → English: violate
- French: violer
- Galician: violar
- Italian: violare
- Piedmontese: violé
- Portuguese: violar
- Romanian: viola
- Spanish: violar
References
- “violo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “violo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- violo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to break one's word: fidem laedere, violare, frangere
- to break one's oath: iusiurandum violare
- to profane sacred rites: sacra polluere et violare
- to break a truce: indutias violare
- to violate the law of nations: ius gentium violare
- to violate a treaty, terms of alliance: foedus frangere, rumpere, violare
- to break one's word: fidem laedere, violare, frangere
Portuguese
Verb
violo
- first-person singular present indicative of violar
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbjolo/ [ˈbjo.lo]
- Rhymes: -olo
- Syllabification: vio‧lo
Verb
violo
- first-person singular present indicative of violar