vamisa
Zulu
Etymology
From -vama + -isa.
Verb
-vamisa?
- (transitive) to standardize
Inflection
Tone unknown | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuvamisa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuvamisa | ukungavamisi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | vamisa | -vamise | |||||||
Plural | vamisani | -vamiseni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyavamisa, ngivamisa | engivamisayo, engivamisa | ngivamisa | angivamisi | engingavamisi | ngingavamisi | |||
2nd singular | uyavamisa, uvamisa | ovamisayo, ovamisa | uvamisa | awuvamisi | ongavamisi | ungavamisi | |||
1st plural | siyavamisa, sivamisa | esivamisayo, esivamisa | sivamisa | asivamisi | esingavamisi | singavamisi | |||
2nd plural | niyavamisa, nivamisa | enivamisayo, enivamisa | nivamisa | anivamisi | eningavamisi | ningavamisi | |||
Class 1 | uyavamisa, uvamisa | ovamisayo, ovamisa | evamisa | akavamisi | ongavamisi | engavamisi | |||
Class 2 | bayavamisa, bavamisa | abavamisayo, abavamisa | bevamisa | abavamisi | abangavamisi | bengavamisi | |||
Class 3 | uyavamisa, uvamisa | ovamisayo, ovamisa | uvamisa | awuvamisi | ongavamisi | ungavamisi | |||
Class 4 | iyavamisa, ivamisa | evamisayo, evamisa | ivamisa | ayivamisi | engavamisi | ingavamisi | |||
Class 5 | liyavamisa, livamisa | elivamisayo, elivamisa | livamisa | alivamisi | elingavamisi | lingavamisi | |||
Class 6 | ayavamisa, avamisa | avamisayo, avamisa | evamisa | awavamisi | angavamisi | engavamisi | |||
Class 7 | siyavamisa, sivamisa | esivamisayo, esivamisa | sivamisa | asivamisi | esingavamisi | singavamisi | |||
Class 8 | ziyavamisa, zivamisa | ezivamisayo, ezivamisa | zivamisa | azivamisi | ezingavamisi | zingavamisi | |||
Class 9 | iyavamisa, ivamisa | evamisayo, evamisa | ivamisa | ayivamisi | engavamisi | ingavamisi | |||
Class 10 | ziyavamisa, zivamisa | ezivamisayo, ezivamisa | zivamisa | azivamisi | ezingavamisi | zingavamisi | |||
Class 11 | luyavamisa, luvamisa | oluvamisayo, oluvamisa | luvamisa | aluvamisi | olungavamisi | lungavamisi | |||
Class 14 | buyavamisa, buvamisa | obuvamisayo, obuvamisa | buvamisa | abuvamisi | obungavamisi | bungavamisi | |||
Class 15 | kuyavamisa, kuvamisa | okuvamisayo, okuvamisa | kuvamisa | akuvamisi | okungavamisi | kungavamisi | |||
Class 17 | kuyavamisa, kuvamisa | okuvamisayo, okuvamisa | kuvamisa | akuvamisi | okungavamisi | kungavamisi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngivamisile, ngivamisē | engivamisile, engivamisē | ngivamisile, ngivamisē | angivamisanga | engingavamisanga | ngingavamisanga | |||
2nd singular | uvamisile, uvamisē | ovamisile, ovamisē | uvamisile, uvamisē | awuvamisanga | ongavamisanga | ungavamisanga | |||
1st plural | sivamisile, sivamisē | esivamisile, esivamisē | sivamisile, sivamisē | asivamisanga | esingavamisanga | singavamisanga | |||
2nd plural | nivamisile, nivamisē | enivamisile, enivamisē | nivamisile, nivamisē | anivamisanga | eningavamisanga | ningavamisanga | |||
Class 1 | uvamisile, uvamisē | ovamisile, ovamisē | evamisile, evamisē | akavamisanga | ongavamisanga | engavamisanga | |||
Class 2 | bavamisile, bavamisē | abavamisile, abavamisē | bevamisile, bevamisē | abavamisanga | abangavamisanga | bengavamisanga | |||
Class 3 | uvamisile, uvamisē | ovamisile, ovamisē | uvamisile, uvamisē | awuvamisanga | ongavamisanga | ungavamisanga | |||
Class 4 | ivamisile, ivamisē | evamisile, evamisē | ivamisile, ivamisē | ayivamisanga | engavamisanga | ingavamisanga | |||
Class 5 | livamisile, livamisē | elivamisile, elivamisē | livamisile, livamisē | alivamisanga | elingavamisanga | lingavamisanga | |||
Class 6 | avamisile, avamisē | avamisile, avamisē | evamisile, evamisē | awavamisanga | angavamisanga | engavamisanga | |||
Class 7 | sivamisile, sivamisē | esivamisile, esivamisē | sivamisile, sivamisē | asivamisanga | esingavamisanga | singavamisanga | |||
Class 8 | zivamisile, zivamisē | ezivamisile, ezivamisē | zivamisile, zivamisē | azivamisanga | ezingavamisanga | zingavamisanga | |||
Class 9 | ivamisile, ivamisē | evamisile, evamisē | ivamisile, ivamisē | ayivamisanga | engavamisanga | ingavamisanga | |||
Class 10 | zivamisile, zivamisē | ezivamisile, ezivamisē | zivamisile, zivamisē | azivamisanga | ezingavamisanga | zingavamisanga | |||
Class 11 | luvamisile, luvamisē | oluvamisile, oluvamisē | luvamisile, luvamisē | aluvamisanga | olungavamisanga | lungavamisanga | |||
Class 14 | buvamisile, buvamisē | obuvamisile, obuvamisē | buvamisile, buvamisē | abuvamisanga | obungavamisanga | bungavamisanga | |||
Class 15 | kuvamisile, kuvamisē | okuvamisile, okuvamisē | kuvamisile, kuvamisē | akuvamisanga | okungavamisanga | kungavamisanga | |||
Class 17 | kuvamisile, kuvamisē | okuvamisile, okuvamisē | kuvamisile, kuvamisē | akuvamisanga | okungavamisanga | kungavamisanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāvamisa | engāvamisa | ngāvamisa | angivamisanga | engingavamisanga | ngingavamisanga | |||
2nd singular | wāvamisa | owāvamisa | wāvamisa | awuvamisanga | ongavamisanga | ungavamisanga | |||
1st plural | sāvamisa | esāvamisa | sāvamisa | asivamisanga | esingavamisanga | singavamisanga | |||
2nd plural | nāvamisa | enāvamisa | nāvamisa | anivamisanga | eningavamisanga | ningavamisanga | |||
Class 1 | wāvamisa | owāvamisa | āvamisa | akavamisanga | ongavamisanga | engavamisanga | |||
Class 2 | bāvamisa | abāvamisa | bāvamisa | abavamisanga | abangavamisanga | bengavamisanga | |||
Class 3 | wāvamisa | owāvamisa | wāvamisa | awuvamisanga | ongavamisanga | ungavamisanga | |||
Class 4 | yāvamisa | eyāvamisa | yāvamisa | ayivamisanga | engavamisanga | ingavamisanga | |||
Class 5 | lāvamisa | elāvamisa | lāvamisa | alivamisanga | elingavamisanga | lingavamisanga | |||
Class 6 | āvamisa | āvamisa | āvamisa | awavamisanga | angavamisanga | engavamisanga | |||
Class 7 | sāvamisa | esāvamisa | sāvamisa | asivamisanga | esingavamisanga | singavamisanga | |||
Class 8 | zāvamisa | ezāvamisa | zāvamisa | azivamisanga | ezingavamisanga | zingavamisanga | |||
Class 9 | yāvamisa | eyāvamisa | yāvamisa | ayivamisanga | engavamisanga | ingavamisanga | |||
Class 10 | zāvamisa | ezāvamisa | zāvamisa | azivamisanga | ezingavamisanga | zingavamisanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāvamisa | olwāvamisa | lwāvamisa | aluvamisanga | olungavamisanga | lungavamisanga | |||
Class 14 | bāvamisa | obāvamisa | bāvamisa | abuvamisanga | obungavamisanga | bungavamisanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāvamisa | okwāvamisa | kwāvamisa | akuvamisanga | okungavamisanga | kungavamisanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāvamisa | okwāvamisa | kwāvamisa | akuvamisanga | okungavamisanga | kungavamisanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingavamisa | — | ngingavamisa | ngingevamise | — | ngingevamise | |||
2nd singular | ungavamisa | — | ungavamisa | ungevamise | — | ungevamise | |||
1st plural | singavamisa | — | singavamisa | singevamise | — | singevamise | |||
2nd plural | ningavamisa | — | ningavamisa | ningevamise | — | ningevamise | |||
Class 1 | angavamisa | — | engavamisa | angevamise | — | engevamise | |||
Class 2 | bangavamisa | — | bengavamisa | bangevamise | — | bengevamise | |||
Class 3 | ungavamisa | — | ungavamisa | ungevamise | — | ungevamise | |||
Class 4 | ingavamisa | — | ingavamisa | ingevamise | — | ingevamise | |||
Class 5 | lingavamisa | — | lingavamisa | lingevamise | — | lingevamise | |||
Class 6 | angavamisa | — | engavamisa | angevamise | — | engevamise | |||
Class 7 | singavamisa | — | singavamisa | singevamise | — | singevamise | |||
Class 8 | zingavamisa | — | zingavamisa | zingevamise | — | zingevamise | |||
Class 9 | ingavamisa | — | ingavamisa | ingevamise | — | ingevamise | |||
Class 10 | zingavamisa | — | zingavamisa | zingevamise | — | zingevamise | |||
Class 11 | lungavamisa | — | lungavamisa | lungevamise | — | lungevamise | |||
Class 14 | bungavamisa | — | bungavamisa | bungevamise | — | bungevamise | |||
Class 15 | kungavamisa | — | kungavamisa | kungevamise | — | kungevamise | |||
Class 17 | kungavamisa | — | kungavamisa | kungevamise | — | kungevamise | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizovamisa | engizovamisa | ngizovamisa | angizuvamisa | engingezuvamisa | ngingezuvamisa | |||
2nd singular | uzovamisa | ozovamisa | uzovamisa | awuzuvamisa | ongezuvamisa | ungezuvamisa | |||
1st plural | sizovamisa | esizovamisa | sizovamisa | asizuvamisa | esingezuvamisa | singezuvamisa | |||
2nd plural | nizovamisa | enizovamisa | nizovamisa | anizuvamisa | eningezuvamisa | ningezuvamisa | |||
Class 1 | uzovamisa | ozovamisa | ezovamisa | akazuvamisa | ongezuvamisa | engezuvamisa | |||
Class 2 | bazovamisa | abazovamisa | bezovamisa | abazuvamisa | abangezuvamisa | bengezuvamisa | |||
Class 3 | uzovamisa | ozovamisa | uzovamisa | awuzuvamisa | ongezuvamisa | ungezuvamisa | |||
Class 4 | izovamisa | ezovamisa | izovamisa | ayizuvamisa | engezuvamisa | ingezuvamisa | |||
Class 5 | lizovamisa | elizovamisa | lizovamisa | alizuvamisa | elingezuvamisa | lingezuvamisa | |||
Class 6 | azovamisa | azovamisa | ezovamisa | awazuvamisa | angezuvamisa | engezuvamisa | |||
Class 7 | sizovamisa | esizovamisa | sizovamisa | asizuvamisa | esingezuvamisa | singezuvamisa | |||
Class 8 | zizovamisa | ezizovamisa | zizovamisa | azizuvamisa | ezingezuvamisa | zingezuvamisa | |||
Class 9 | izovamisa | ezovamisa | izovamisa | ayizuvamisa | engezuvamisa | ingezuvamisa | |||
Class 10 | zizovamisa | ezizovamisa | zizovamisa | azizuvamisa | ezingezuvamisa | zingezuvamisa | |||
Class 11 | luzovamisa | oluzovamisa | luzovamisa | aluzuvamisa | olungezuvamisa | lungezuvamisa | |||
Class 14 | buzovamisa | obuzovamisa | buzovamisa | abuzuvamisa | obungezuvamisa | bungezuvamisa | |||
Class 15 | kuzovamisa | okuzovamisa | kuzovamisa | akuzuvamisa | okungezuvamisa | kungezuvamisa | |||
Class 17 | kuzovamisa | okuzovamisa | kuzovamisa | akuzuvamisa | okungezuvamisa | kungezuvamisa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyovamisa | engiyovamisa | ngiyovamisa | angiyuvamisa | engingeyuvamisa | ngingeyuvamisa | |||
2nd singular | uyovamisa | oyovamisa | uyovamisa | awuyuvamisa | ongeyuvamisa | ungeyuvamisa | |||
1st plural | siyovamisa | esiyovamisa | siyovamisa | asiyuvamisa | esingeyuvamisa | singeyuvamisa | |||
2nd plural | niyovamisa | eniyovamisa | niyovamisa | aniyuvamisa | eningeyuvamisa | ningeyuvamisa | |||
Class 1 | uyovamisa | oyovamisa | eyovamisa | akayuvamisa | ongeyuvamisa | engeyuvamisa | |||
Class 2 | bayovamisa | abayovamisa | beyovamisa | abayuvamisa | abangeyuvamisa | bengeyuvamisa | |||
Class 3 | uyovamisa | oyovamisa | uyovamisa | awuyuvamisa | ongeyuvamisa | ungeyuvamisa | |||
Class 4 | iyovamisa | eyovamisa | iyovamisa | ayiyuvamisa | engeyuvamisa | ingeyuvamisa | |||
Class 5 | liyovamisa | eliyovamisa | liyovamisa | aliyuvamisa | elingeyuvamisa | lingeyuvamisa | |||
Class 6 | ayovamisa | ayovamisa | eyovamisa | awayuvamisa | angeyuvamisa | engeyuvamisa | |||
Class 7 | siyovamisa | esiyovamisa | siyovamisa | asiyuvamisa | esingeyuvamisa | singeyuvamisa | |||
Class 8 | ziyovamisa | eziyovamisa | ziyovamisa | aziyuvamisa | ezingeyuvamisa | zingeyuvamisa | |||
Class 9 | iyovamisa | eyovamisa | iyovamisa | ayiyuvamisa | engeyuvamisa | ingeyuvamisa | |||
Class 10 | ziyovamisa | eziyovamisa | ziyovamisa | aziyuvamisa | ezingeyuvamisa | zingeyuvamisa | |||
Class 11 | luyovamisa | oluyovamisa | luyovamisa | aluyuvamisa | olungeyuvamisa | lungeyuvamisa | |||
Class 14 | buyovamisa | obuyovamisa | buyovamisa | abuyuvamisa | obungeyuvamisa | bungeyuvamisa | |||
Class 15 | kuyovamisa | okuyovamisa | kuyovamisa | akuyuvamisa | okungeyuvamisa | kungeyuvamisa | |||
Class 17 | kuyovamisa | okuyovamisa | kuyovamisa | akuyuvamisa | okungeyuvamisa | kungeyuvamisa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngivamise | ngingavamisi | |||||||
2nd singular | uvamise | ungavamisi | |||||||
1st plural | sivamise | singavamisi | |||||||
2nd plural | nivamise | ningavamisi | |||||||
Class 1 | avamise | angavamisi | |||||||
Class 2 | bavamise | bangavamisi | |||||||
Class 3 | uvamise | ungavamisi | |||||||
Class 4 | ivamise | ingavamisi | |||||||
Class 5 | livamise | lingavamisi | |||||||
Class 6 | avamise | angavamisi | |||||||
Class 7 | sivamise | singavamisi | |||||||
Class 8 | zivamise | zingavamisi | |||||||
Class 9 | ivamise | ingavamisi | |||||||
Class 10 | zivamise | zingavamisi | |||||||
Class 11 | luvamise | lungavamisi | |||||||
Class 14 | buvamise | bungavamisi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuvamise | kungavamisi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuvamise | kungavamisi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngavamisa | ngangavamisa, angavamisa, angangavamisa | |||||||
2nd singular | wavamisa | wangavamisa, awavamisa, awangavamisa | |||||||
1st plural | savamisa | sangavamisa, asavamisa, asangavamisa | |||||||
2nd plural | navamisa | nangavamisa, anavamisa, anangavamisa | |||||||
Class 1 | wavamisa | wangavamisa, akavamisa, akangavamisa | |||||||
Class 2 | bavamisa | bangavamisa, abavamisa, abangavamisa | |||||||
Class 3 | wavamisa | wangavamisa, awavamisa, awangavamisa | |||||||
Class 4 | yavamisa | yangavamisa, ayavamisa, ayangavamisa | |||||||
Class 5 | lavamisa | langavamisa, alavamisa, alangavamisa | |||||||
Class 6 | avamisa | angavamisa, awavamisa, awangavamisa | |||||||
Class 7 | savamisa | sangavamisa, asavamisa, asangavamisa | |||||||
Class 8 | zavamisa | zangavamisa, azavamisa, azangavamisa | |||||||
Class 9 | yavamisa | yangavamisa, ayavamisa, ayangavamisa | |||||||
Class 10 | zavamisa | zangavamisa, azavamisa, azangavamisa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwavamisa | lwangavamisa, alwavamisa, alwangavamisa | |||||||
Class 14 | bavamisa | bangavamisa, abavamisa, abangavamisa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwavamisa | kwangavamisa, akwavamisa, akwangavamisa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwavamisa | kwangavamisa, akwavamisa, akwangavamisa |