vakar
Hungarian
Etymology
vak + -ar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvɒkɒr]
- Hyphenation: va‧kar
- Rhymes: -ɒr
Verb
vakar
- (transitive) to scratch
Conjugation
| 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal | 1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood | Present | Indef. | vakarok | vakarsz | vakar | vakarunk | vakartok | vakarnak |
| Def. | vakarom | vakarod | vakarja | vakarjuk | vakarjátok | vakarják | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | vakarlak | ― | ||||||
| Past | Indef. | vakartam | vakartál | vakart | vakartunk | vakartatok | vakartak | |
| Def. | vakartam | vakartad | vakarta | vakartuk | vakartátok | vakarták | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | vakartalak | ― | ||||||
| Conditional mood | Present | Indef. | vakarnék | vakarnál | vakarna | vakarnánk | vakarnátok | vakarnának |
| Def. | vakarnám | vakarnád | vakarná | vakarnánk (or vakarnók) | vakarnátok | vakarnák | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | vakarnálak | ― | ||||||
| Subjunctive mood | Present | Indef. | vakarjak | vakarj or vakarjál | vakarjon | vakarjunk | vakarjatok | vakarjanak |
| Def. | vakarjam | vakard or vakarjad | vakarja | vakarjuk | vakarjátok | vakarják | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | vakarjalak | ― | ||||||
| Infinitive | vakarni | vakarnom | vakarnod | vakarnia | vakarnunk | vakarnotok | vakarniuk | |
| Other nonfinite verb forms | Verbal noun | Present participle | Past participle | Future part. | Adverbial part. | Potential | ||
| vakarás | vakaró | vakart | vakarandó | vakarva | vakarhat | |||
Derived terms
- vakarás
(With verbal prefixes):
- kivakar
- levakar
- megvakar
Further reading
- vakar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Latgalian
Etymology
Cognate with Latvian vakar and Lithuanian vakar.
Related to vokors (“night”), with the original meaning being similar to "the previous night".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvakàr]
- Hyphenation: va‧kar
Adverb
vakar
- yesterday
Derived terms
- vakarejs
References
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 112
Latvian
Etymology
Probably the adverbial form of an earlier (unattested) adjective, of which vakars (“night”) is the nominal form. The original meaning was probably “the previous night”, whence later “yesterday”; compare Russian ве́чер (véčer, “evening”), вчера́ (včerá, “yesterday”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vakar]
Adverb
vakar
- yesterday (in the day before today)
- vakar bija slikts laiks ― yesterday the weather was bad
- vakar no rīta ― yesterday morning
- vakar vakarā ― yesterday evening
- “jaunkundze vakar vēlu pārnāca mājās?” “jā, aizgājām no kluba pie Ralfa spēlēt pokeru” ― “milady came back late yesterday?” “yes, I went from the club to Ralph's (place) to play poker”
- yesterday (in the, usually recent, past)
- funkcionāri šodien ir vienkāršāki, demokrātiskāki nekā vakar ― (public) officials are simpler, more democratic today than yesterday
Usage notes
Vakars as a noun, means “evening” (locative form vakarā “in the evening”, used also as a temporal adverb) while historically related vakar is an adverb, meaning “yesterday” (its nominal counterpart is vakardiena “(the day of) yesterday”).
Antonyms
- rīt
Derived terms
- aizvakar
- vakardiena
Related terms
- vakars
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “vakars”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
Etymology
From vakaras. Compare Russian вечер (večer) and вчера (včera).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʋaːkɐɾ]
Adverb
vãkar (not comparable)
- yesterday
- Vakar kur buvai?
- Where were you yesterday?
- Vakar kur buvai?
Derived terms
- (adjective): vakarykštis
- (noun): vakardiena
See also
| Dates relative to today in Lithuanian | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| –3 (three days ago) | –2 (two days ago) | –1 (yesterday) | 0 (today) | +1 (tomorrow) | +2 (in two days) | +3 (in three days) | |
| užužvakar | užvakar | vakar | šiandien | rytoj | poryt | užporyt | |
| –3 (three years ago) | –2 (two years ago) | –1 (last year) | 0 (this year) | +1 (next year) | +2 (in two years) | +3 (in three years) | |
| užužpernai | užpernai | pernai | šiemet | kitąmet | [po dvejų metų] | [po trejų metų] | |
Further reading
- “vakar”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2023
Swedish
Noun
vakar
- indefinite plural of vak.
Verb
vakar
- present tense of vaka.