V

See also: v, ٧‎, and Appendix:Variations of "v"

V	U+0056, V LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V

← U
[U+0055]

Basic Latin

W →
[U+0057]

Ⅴ	U+2164, Ⅴ ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE

← Ⅳ
[U+2163]

Number Forms

Ⅵ →
[U+2165]

Ｖ	U+FF36, Ｖ FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V

← Ｕ
[U+FF35]

Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms

Ｗ →
[U+FF37]

Ѵ	U+0474, Ѵ CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA

← ѳ
[U+0473]

Cyrillic

ѵ →
[U+0475]

𝖁	U+1D581, 𝖁 MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL V

← 𝖀
[U+1D580]

Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols

𝖂 →
[U+1D582]

Translingual

Alternative forms

v (numeral)
V. (numeral, ordinal)

Etymology

From the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅‎ (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲.

Letter

V (lower case v)

The twenty-second letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

Numeral

V

The Roman numeral for 5.
(especially in the names of aristocracy) the fifth.

Symbol

V

The volt in the International System of Units.
(chemistry) Symbol for vanadium.
(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for valine
(geometry) volume
(set theory) Von Neumann universe
(music) major dominant triad
(linguistics) A wildcard for a vowel
(Voice Quality Symbols) voice (modified for the kind of voice: 'nasal voice', 'harsh voice', etc.)

Gallery

Letter styles
Uppercase and lowercase versions of V, in roman and italic type
Uppercase and lowercase V in Fraktur

English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /viː/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -iː

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v, plural Vs or V's)

The twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, called vee and written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

V-neck
V-necked
V-shaped
V-sign, V sign

Noun

V (plural Vs or V's)

a V of migrating geese

(organic chemistry) The resin identification code for polyvinyl chloride, also PVC.
(grammar) Abbreviation of vocative case.
(linguistics) Abbreviation of verb.
(euphemistic) Vagina.
- http://metro.co.uk/2017/07/21/you-really-dont-need-highlighter-for-your-vagina-6795734/
- http://www.bravotv.com/blogs/vaginal-steam-how-does-it-work-results
Abbreviation of vowel.
Abbreviation of velocity.
Anything shaped like a V; synonym: vee.
1. A flying skein of geese which have placed themselves in a V-shaped formation.

Derived terms

(velocity):

V1
V2
Vr
Vs
Vx
- Vxse
Vy
- Vyse
VMO
VNE

Preposition

V

(stenoscript) Abbreviation of over, prefix over-.

Symbol

V

(titular) Viscount
(titular) Viscountess

References

The New Penguin Dictionary of Abbreviations: from A to zz, Rosalind Fergusson. (Penguin Books, 2000), page 390/1

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /fɪə/

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-second letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

V (plural V's, diminutive V'tjie)

V

Azerbaijani

Letter

V upper case (lower case v)

The thirtieth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Basque

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ube/, [u.β̞e̞]

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-third letter of the Basque alphabet, called uve and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.

Central Franconian

Etymology

/v/ is from West Germanic stem-internal *b and *f; from stem-initial *f around Aachen and in the Netherlands.
For the origin of /f/, see F. For the origin of /ʋ/, see W.

Pronunciation

/v/, (German-based also) /f/, /ʋ/

Letter

V

A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

Usage notes

Systems for the use of V

In the German-based spelling of Moselle Franconian, v is used instead of regular wor f only after the German cognate.
In the German-based spelling of Ripuarian (without Aachen region), initial v is used as above, but internal v is the regular spelling for /v/.
In Aachen and the Netherlands there is a threefold phonemic distinction between w /ʋ/, v /v/, f /f/, which the spelling reflects.

Doubling of V and use in the syllable coda

In the German-based spelling, v is doubled after short vowels except in certain function words and when the letter is followed by another consonant within the word stem. In the syllable coda, the choice between v and f may be based on internal analogy, but more often follows the German cognate.
In the Dutch-based spelling, v is doubled after short vowels. Coda v is automatically replaced with f.

Chinese

Etymology 1

From English volt.

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): wuk¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wuk¹
  - Yale: wūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: wug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wʊk̚⁵/

Classifier

V

(Hong Kong Cantonese, electricity) volt (unit of voltage)

Synonyms

伏 (fú), 伏特 (fútè)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wēi (wei¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wi¹, fi¹
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): bhui⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): vi (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wei
  - Wade–Giles: wei¹
  - Yale: wēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
  - Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wi¹, fi¹
  - Yale: wī, fī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wi¹, fi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wi¹, fi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wiː⁵⁵/, /fiː⁵⁵/

Note: fi1 - Hong Kong only.

Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhui⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bûi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bui⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: vi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /v̥i²³/

Note: Often realised as 1vi.

Letter

V

The twenty-second letter of the Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wēi, (wei¹, ⁵)
(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟ,

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, common)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wei
  - Wade–Giles: wei¹
  - Yale: wēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
  - Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵/

Letter

V

The twenty-second letter used in Pinyin.

Usage notes

《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
The official pronunciation defined in 《汉语拼音方案》, ㄪㄝ, uses a symbol that is obsolete in modern Mandarin. Usually w is used instead as the initial.

Usage notes

In Hanyu Pinyin, the letter v is unused, except in spelling foreign languages, languages of minority nationalities, and some dialects, despite a conscious effort to distribute letters more evenly than in Western languages. However, the ease of typing into a computer causes the v to be sometimes used to replace ü.

Dutch

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /veː/
Audio (file)

Letter

V (capital, lowercase v)

The twenty-second letter of the Dutch alphabet.

Esperanto

Pronunciation

(letter name): IPA^(key): /vo/
(phoneme): IPA^(key): /v/
Audio (file)

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-seventh letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called vo and written in the Latin script.

Finnish

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-second letter of the Finnish alphabet, called vee and written in the Latin script.

German

Etymology

For the origin of the letter, see v.

Orthography and pronunciation

Germanic f was pronounced [v] in some dialects of Middle High German and was predominantly spelt v. This voicing was later reversed stem-initially in most dialects and stem-internally in some (including Standard German). In inherited words, the spelling mostly switched back to f accordingly. This always happened before l, r, u, ü, but otherwise there remains a number of relicts. These are the prefix ver-, the words Frevel, Vater, Vetter, Vieh, viel, vier, Vogel, Volk, voll, von, vor, and their derivatives.

In native German proper nouns, initial V is always /f/, but the internal pronunciation is hard to predict and differs by region. For example, it is usually /f/ in northern German placenames (e.g. Hannover, Havel, Jever), but /v/ in western ones (e.g. Grevenbroich, Leverkusen, Overath).

V was retained in words of foreign origin and its pronunciation varied. The contemporary standard is normally /v/, but always /f/ in Eva, Vau, Veilchen, Veit, Vettel, Vlies, Vogt. The words Vers, Vesper, Vize have /f/ in Germany, but usually /v/ in Austria. Both ways are de-facto standard in Evangelium, hieven, Larve, Nerven, Pulver (though dictionaries may recognise only one form or the other).

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): /faʊ̯/
- Rhymes: -aʊ̯
- Audio (file)
(phoneme) IPA^(key): /f/, /v/ (see etymology section)

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-second letter of the German alphabet.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈv]
(letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈveː]

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The thirty-eighth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called vé and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	V	V-k
accusative	V-t	V-ket
dative	V-nek	V-knek
instrumental	V-vel	V-kkel
causal-final	V-ért	V-kért
translative	V-vé	V-kké
terminative	V-ig	V-kig
essive-formal	V-ként	V-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	V-ben	V-kben
superessive	V-n	V-ken
adessive	V-nél	V-knél
illative	V-be	V-kbe
sublative	V-re	V-kre
allative	V-hez	V-khez
elative	V-ből	V-kből
delative	V-ről	V-kről
ablative	V-től	V-ktől
non-attributive possessive - singular	V-é	V-ké
non-attributive possessive - plural	V-éi	V-kéi

Possessive forms of V
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	V-m	V-im
2nd person sing.	V-d	V-id
3rd person sing.	V-je	V-i
1st person plural	V-nk	V-ink
2nd person plural	V-tek	V-itek
3rd person plural	V-jük	V-ik

Ido

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /v/

Letter

V (lower case v)

The twenty-second letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Italian

Pronunciation

(letter name) IPA^(key): ^**/ˈvi/^*, (traditional) ^**/ˈvu/^*[1]
- Rhymes: -i, (traditional) -u
- Homophone: vi
(phonemic realization) IPA^(key): /v/

Letter

V f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case v)

The twentieth letter of the Italian alphabet, called vu or vi and written in the Latin script.

References

V in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Japanese

Etymology

From English victory.

Noun

V(ブイ) • (bui)

victory in championship

Synonyms

優勝

Related terms

Vサイン

Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [v]

Letter

V

V (upper case, lower case v)

The thirty-first letter of the Latvian alphabet, called vē and written in the Latin script.

Malay

Pronunciation

(Name of letter) IPA^(key): [vi]
(Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA^(key): [v]
(Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA^(key): [f]

Letter

V

The twenty-second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Nupe

Pronunciation

(phoneme): IPA^(key): /v/

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Portuguese

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-second letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Romani

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /v/

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

(International Standard) The twenty-ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
(Pan-Vlax) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Romanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /v/

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ve or vî and written in the Latin script.

Russian

The V symbol used by the Russian military.

Etymology

Derived from восток (vostok, “east, eastern Ukraine”). Like the Z sign, the V sign was initially used for vehicles targeted towards Kyiv, and later popularised by the Russian government on social media as a rallying symbol.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [vɛ]

Symbol

V (lower case v)

the Roman letter V, v
Synonym: вэ (vɛ)
(The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) (politics) a dogwhistle for supporting the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- #силаVправде (hashtag using V by Russian nationalists in support for war against Ukraine)
  #silaVpravde
  "our strength is in truth"

Usage notes

Russian nationalists replace instances of the Cyrillic letter В (V) with Roman V in some words and usernames.

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

(phoneme) IPA^(key): /v/

Letter

V (lower case v)

The thirty-second letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Slovene

Letter

V (capital, lowercase v)

The 23rd letter of the Slovene alphabet. Preceded by U and followed by Z.

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈube/ [ˈu.β̞e]
Rhymes: -ube

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

the 23rd letter of the Spanish alphabet

Swedish

Proper noun

V ? (genitive V:s)

Abbreviation of Vänsterpartiet (“Left Party”).

Turkish

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-seventh letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ve and written in the Latin script.

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ve˧˧], [vəː˨˩]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [vej˧˧], [vəː˦˩]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [vej˧˧], [vəː˨˩] ~ [jej˧˧], [jəː˨˩]
Phonetic: vê, vờ

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-seventh letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called vê or vờ and written in the Latin script.

Zulu

Letter

V (upper case, lower case v)

The twenty-second letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.