usaltaa
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *uskaltadak. Cognates include Finnish uskaltaa and Estonian usaldada.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈusɑltɑː/, [ˈus̠ɑɫtɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈusɑltɑː/, [ˈuʒ̥ɑɫtɑː]
- Rhymes: -usɑltɑː
- Hyphenation: u‧sal‧taa
Verb
usaltaa
- (auxiliary) to dare to
Conjugation
| Conjugation of usaltaa (type 3/kyntää, lt-ll gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | usallan | en usalla | 1st singular | oon usaltant, oon usaltanut | en oo usaltant, en oo usaltanut |
| 2nd singular | usallat | et usalla | 2nd singular | oot usaltant, oot usaltanut | et oo usaltant, et oo usaltanut |
| 3rd singular | usaltaa | ei usalla | 3rd singular | ono usaltant, ono usaltanut | ei oo usaltant, ei oo usaltanut |
| 1st plural | usallamma | emmä usalla | 1st plural | oomma usaltanneet | emmä oo usaltanneet |
| 2nd plural | usallatta | että usalla | 2nd plural | ootta usaltanneet | että oo usaltanneet |
| 3rd plural | usaltaat1), usaltavat2), usalletaa | evät usalla | 3rd plural | ovat usaltanneet | evät oo usaltanneet |
| impersonal | usalletaa | ei usalleta | impersonal | ono usallettu | ei oo usallettu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | usalsin | en usaltant, en usaltanut | 1st singular | olin usaltant, olin usaltanut | en olt usaltant, en olt usaltanut |
| 2nd singular | usalsit | et usaltant, et usaltanut | 2nd singular | olit usaltant, olit usaltanut | et olt usaltant, et olt usaltanut |
| 3rd singular | usalsi | ei usaltant, ei usaltanut | 3rd singular | oli usaltant, oli usaltanut | ei olt usaltant, ei olt usaltanut |
| 1st plural | usalsimma | emmä usaltanneet | 1st plural | olimma usaltanneet | emmä olleet usaltanneet |
| 2nd plural | usalsitta | että usaltanneet | 2nd plural | olitta usaltanneet | että olleet usaltanneet |
| 3rd plural | usalsiit1), usalsivat2), usallettii | evät usaltanneet | 3rd plural | olivat usaltanneet | evät olleet usaltanneet |
| impersonal | usallettii | ei usallettu | impersonal | oli usallettu | ei olt usallettu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | usaltaisin | en usaltais | 1st singular | olisin usaltant, olisin usaltanut | en olis usaltant, en olis usaltanut |
| 2nd singular | usaltaisit, usaltaist1) | et usaltais | 2nd singular | olisit usaltant, olisit usaltanut | et olis usaltant, et olis usaltanut |
| 3rd singular | usaltais | ei usaltais | 3rd singular | olis usaltant, olis usaltanut | ei olis usaltant, ei olis usaltanut |
| 1st plural | usaltaisimma | emmä usaltais | 1st plural | olisimma usaltanneet | emmä olis usaltanneet |
| 2nd plural | usaltaisitta | että usaltais | 2nd plural | olisitta usaltanneet | että olis usaltanneet |
| 3rd plural | usaltaisiit1), usaltaisivat2), usallettais | evät usaltais | 3rd plural | olisivat usaltanneet | evät olis usaltanneet |
| impersonal | usallettais | ei usallettais | impersonal | olis usallettu | ei olis usallettu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | usalla | elä usalla | 2nd singular | oo usaltant, oo usaltanut | elä oo usaltant, elä oo usaltanut |
| 3rd singular | usaltakkoo | elköö usaltako | 3rd singular | olkoo usaltant, olkoo usaltanut | elköö olko usaltant, elköö olko usaltanut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | usaltakkaa | elkää usaltako | 2nd plural | olkaa usaltanneet | elkää olko usaltanneet |
| 3rd plural | usaltakkoot | elkööt usaltako | 3rd plural | olkoot usaltanneet | elkööt olko usaltanneet |
| impersonal | usallettakoo | elköö usallettako | impersonal | olkoo usallettu | elköö olko usallettu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | usaltanen | en usaltane | |||
| 2nd singular | usaltanet | et usaltane | |||
| 3rd singular | usaltannoo | ei usaltane | |||
| 1st plural | usaltanemma | emmä usaltane | |||
| 2nd plural | usaltanetta | että usaltane | |||
| 3rd plural | usaltannoot | evät usaltane | |||
| impersonal | usallettanoo | ei usallettane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | usaltaa | present | usaltava | usallettava | |
| 2nd | inessive | usaltaes | past | usaltant, usaltanut | usallettu |
| instructive | usaltaen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (usaltakkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative, or -kse to the potential. ***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | usaltammaa | |||
| inessive | usaltamas | ||||
| elative | usaltamast | ||||
| abessive | usaltamata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | usaltammiin | |||
| partitive | usaltamista, usaltamist | ||||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 626