us
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian uus (“us”), West Frisian us, ús (“us”), Low German us (“us”), Dutch ons (“us”), German uns (“us”), Danish os (“us”), Latin nōs (“we, us”).
Pronunciation
- (stressed) enPR: ŭs, IPA(key): /ʌs/, /ʌz/
- (unstressed) (US) IPA(key): /əs/, (UK) IPA(key): /əs/, /əz/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ʌs
Pronoun
us
- (personal) Me and at least one other person; the objective case of we.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Luke 1:1:
- Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us...
-
- (Commonwealth, colloquial, chiefly with give) Me.
- Give us a look at your paper.
- Give us your wallet!
- She's turned the weans against us!
- (Northern England) Our.
- We'll have to throw us food out.
- (Tyneside) Me (in all contexts).
- Look at us while you’re speaking to us.
- Could you do that for us?
Alternative forms
- -'s (contracted form, as in let's)
- uz, is, iz (Tyneside)
Translations
|
|
See also
- we
- our
- ours
personal pronoun | possessive pronoun | possessive determiner | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
subjective | objective | reflexive | |||||
first person | singular | I me (colloquial) | me | myself me mysen | mine | my mine (before vowels, archaic) me | |
plural | we | us | ourselves ourself oursen | ours | our | ||
second person | singular | standard, formal | you | you | yourself yoursen | yours yourn (obsolete outside dialects) | your |
archaic, informal | thou | thee | thyself theeself thysen | thine | thy thine (before vowels) | ||
plural | standard | you ye (archaic) | you | yourselves | yours yourn (obsolete outside dialects) | your | |
colloquial | you all y'all you guys | you all y'all you guys | – | y'all's you guys's your guys's (proscribed) | y'all's your all's (nonstandard) you guys's your guys's (proscribed) | ||
informal / dialectal | (see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries) | ||||||
third person | singular | masculine | he | him | himself hisself (archaic) hissen | his hisn (obsolete outside dialects) | his |
feminine | she | her | herself hersen | hers hern (obsolete outside dialects) | her | ||
neuter | it hit | it hit | itself hitself | its his (archaic) | its his (archaic) hits | ||
genderless | they | them | themself, themselves | theirs | their | ||
genderless, nonspecific (formal) | one | one | oneself | – | one's | ||
plural | they | them hem, 'em | themselves theirsen | theirs theirn (obsolete outside dialects) | their |
Determiner
us
- The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person.
- It's not good enough for us teachers.
See also
- we
Etymology 2
Derived from the similarity between the letter u and the Greek letter µ.
Symbol
us
- Alternative spelling of µs: microsecond
- 2002, Peter Spasov, Microcontroller Technology, the 68HC11, p. 489:
- ;wait 500 us
- 2012, Peter Feiler and David Gluch, Model-Based Engineering with AADL:
- The standard units are ns (nanoseconds), us (microseconds), ms (milliseconds), sec (seconds), min (minutes), and hr (hours).
- 2014, Michael Corey, Jeff Szastak, and Michael Webster, Virtualizing SQL Server with VMware: Doing IT Right, p. 198:
- Because the flash devices are local to the server, the latencies can be microseconds (us) instead of milliseconds (ms) and eliminate some traffic that would normally have gone over the storage network.
- 2002, Peter Spasov, Microcontroller Technology, the 68HC11, p. 489:
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
us
- (rare) Alternative form of u's.
Anagrams
- SU, Su
Fala
Etymology
From Old Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.
Article
us m pl (singular u, feminine a, feminine plural as)
- (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Masculine plural definite article; the
Pronoun
us
- (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM | nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM | vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References
- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu [Fala Dictionary], CIDLeS, →ISBN, page 276
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin vōs.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈus/
- Homophone: ús
Pronoun
us (proclitic and contracted enclitic, enclitic vos)
- you (plural, direct or indirect object)
- Contraction of vos.
Usage notes
- us is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs.
- Si us plau. ― Please.
- Si no us importa. ― If you don't mind.
- -us is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.
- Volia veure-us. ― I wanted to see you.
Declension
strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic | ||||
1st person | jo, mi3 | em, m’ | -me, ’m | em, m’ | -me, ’m | meu | ||
1st person majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
2nd person | tu | et, t’ | -te, ’t | et, t’ | -te, ’t | teu | ||
2nd person formal1 | vós | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
2nd person very formal2 | vostè | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
3rd person masculine | ell | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
3rd person feminine | ella | la, l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu | ||
3rd person neuter | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu | |||
3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
plural | ||||||||
1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
2nd person | vosaltres | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
2nd person formal2 | vostès | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
3rd person masculine | ells | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
3rd person feminine | elles | les | -les | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
adverbial | ||||||||
ablative/genitive | en, n’ | -ne, ’n | ||||||
locative | hi | -hi | ||||||
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person. | 3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. |
Further reading
- “us” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “us”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “us” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
French
Etymology
From Old French us, from Latin ūsus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ys/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ys
Noun
us m pl (plural only)
- (plural only) mores; traditional practices or manners
Usage notes
Only used in Modern French as us et coutumes (“mores and customs”). Also see the etymologically related usage.
Further reading
- “us”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- su
Gothic
Romanization
us
- Romanization of 𐌿𐍃
Middle English
Alternative forms
- ous, os, hus, usse, hous
Etymology
From Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n-sme- (“us”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /us/, /uːs/
Pronoun
us (nominative we)
- First-person plural accusative pronoun: us.
- (reflexive) ourselves.
- (reciprocal) each other.
Synonyms
- we
Descendants
- English: us
- Scots: us, hus
- Yola: ouse, ouz, uz, es
See also
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st-person | I, ich, ik | me | min mi1 | min | ||
2nd-person | þou | þe | þin þi1 | þin | |||
3rd-person | m | he | him hine2 | him | his | his hisen | |
f | sche, heo | hire heo | hire | hire hires, hiren | |||
n | hit | hit him2 | his, hit | — | |||
dual3 | 1st-person | wit | unk | unker | |||
2nd-person | ȝit | inc | inker | ||||
plural | 1st-person | we | us, ous | oure | oure oures, ouren | ||
2nd-person4 | ye | yow | your | your youres, youren | |||
3rd-person | inh. | he | hem he2 | hem | here | here heres, heren | |
bor. | þei | þem, þeim | þeir | þeir þeires, þeiren |
1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
References
- “ū̆s, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle Low German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʊs/, /uːs/
Pronoun
ûs or us
- (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.
- (possesive pronoun) Alternative form of uns.
Declension
Possesive pronoun:
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strong declension | ||||
Masculine | ûs | ûsen | ûsem(e) (ûsennote) | ûses |
Neuter | ûs | |||
Feminine | ûse | ûser(e) | ||
Plural | ûse | ûsen | ûser(e) | |
Weak declension | ||||
Masculine | ûse | ûsen | ûsen | |
Neuter | ûse | |||
Feminine | ûsen | |||
Plural | ûsen | |||
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period. |
Norman
Etymology
From Old French uis, from Latin ostium.
Noun
us m (plural us)
- door
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s, *nes. Cognates include Old Frisian ūs (West Frisian ús), Old Saxon ūs (Low German os, ons), Dutch ons, Old High German uns (German uns), Old Norse oss (Swedish oss), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃 (uns). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin nos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /uːs/
Pronoun
ūs
- accusative/dative of wē: (to) us
Descendants
- Middle English: us, ous, os, hus, usse, hous
- English: us
- Scots: us, hus
- Yola: ouse, ouz, uz, es
Old French
Etymology
From Latin ūsus.
Noun
us m (oblique plural us, nominative singular us, nominative plural us)
- tradition or custom
Descendants
- French: us
Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Cognates include Old English ūs, Old Saxon ūs and Old Dutch uns.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈuːs/
Pronoun
ūs
- accusative/dative of wī
Inflection
singular | plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
nominative | ik | thū | hī | hiū, hiō | hit | wī | jī | hiā |
accusative | mī | thī | hine | hiā | hit | ūs | jū, jō | hiā |
dative | mī | thī | him | hire, hiāre | him | ūs | jū, jō | him, hirem, hiārem |
genitive | mīn | thīn | sīn | hire, hiāre | sīn | ūser | jūwer | hira, hiāra |
Descendants
- North Frisian:
- Most dialects: üs
- Sylt: üüs
- Saterland Frisian: uus
- West Frisian: ús
References
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Portuguese
Noun
us
- plural of u
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.
Noun
ȕs f (Cyrillic spelling у̏с)
- fishbone
References
- “us” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish اوص (us), from Proto-Turkic *us (“mind, reason”).[1]
Noun
us (definite accusative usa, plural uslar)
- mind
- reason
- intelligence
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | us | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | usu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | us | uslar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | usu | usları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | usa | uslara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | usta | uslarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | ustan | uslardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | usun | usların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
- akıl
- zihin
Derived terms
- uslu
- usa vurma metodu
References
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*us”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Tz'utujil
Noun
us
- fly (insect)
Volapük
Adverb
us
- there
West Frisian
Pronoun
us
- object of wy