upe

upe

See also: upę, upė, upē, and úpě

Guaraní

Pronoun

upe

1. that

---

Latgalian

Upe.

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?]. Cognates include Latvian upe and Lithuanian upė.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈupʲæ]
• Hyphenation: u‧pe

Noun

upe f (diminutive upeite)

1. river

Declension

Declension of upe (type 5 noun)

	singular	plural
nominative	upe	upis, upes1)
genitive	upis, upes1)	upu
dative	upei	upem, upom1)
accusative	upi	upis, upes1)
instrumental	upi	upem, upom1)
locative	upē, upī1)	upēs, upuos1)
vocative	upe, up	upis, upes1)
1) dialectal

References

• M. Bukšs; J. Placinskis (1973) Latgaļu volūdas gramatika un pareizraksteibas vōrdneica, Latgaļu izdevnīceiba, page 129
• A. Andronov; L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 18

---

Latvian

Upe

Etymology

In principle, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apē-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-, *h₂op- (“(flowing) water, river”). Cognates include Lithuanian ùpė, dialectal ũpė, upìs, ùpis, Old Prussian ape (“river”), apus (“(water) well”), Sudovian upa (“river”), Hittite ẖap(a) (“river”), Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ, “water (plural)”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B āp (“water”). The u in Latvian upe (and Lithuanian upė), instead of the expected a, as in the Old Prussian cognate, is difficult to explain. Some suggest that upe was influenced by other words (e.g., Old Prussian wupyan (“cloud”)), others that it is not cognate with Old Prussian ape, but rather a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *eup-, *ūp-, *up- (“to call, to cry, to yell”), or then a specific Eastern Baltic word without a Proto-Indo-European etymology.[1]

Noun

upe f (5th declension)

1. (geography) river (permanent watercourse)

   strauja, lēna upe ― fast, slow river

   kalnu, līdzenumu upe ― mountain, lowland river

   upes gultne ― riverbed

   upes ieleja ― river valley

   upes baseins ― river basin

   upju sistēma ― river system

   upes pietekas ― river tributaries

   upes ieteka, grīva ― river estuary, mouth

   upes izteka ― river source, headwaters

   upes augštece, lejtece ― upriver, downriver

   upju transports ― fluvial transportation

   upju kuģniecība ― river lines

Declension

Declension of upe (5th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	upe	upes
accusative (akuzatīvs)	upi	upes
genitive (ģenitīvs)	upes	upju
dative (datīvs)	upei	upēm
instrumental (instrumentālis)	upi	upēm
locative (lokatīvs)	upē	upēs
vocative (vokatīvs)	upe	upes

References

1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “upe”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

---

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• (upè) IPA^(key): [ʊˈpʲɛ]
• (ùpe) IPA^(key): [ˈʊpʲɛ]

Noun

upè f

1. instrumental singular of upė

Noun

ùpe f

1. vocative singular of upė

---

Spanish

Verb

upe

1. inflection of upar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative