undertake
English
Alternative forms
- undirtake (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ʌndəˈteɪk/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -eɪk
Verb
undertake (third-person singular simple present undertakes, present participle undertaking, simple past undertook, past participle undertaken)
- (transitive) To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).
- 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554, line 417-420:
- This said, he sat; and expectation held
His look suspense, awaiting who appeared
To second, or oppose, or undertake
The perilous attempt.
-
- (intransitive) To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).
- He undertook to exercise more in future.
- c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene iii]:
- […] if King Lewis vouchsafe to furnish us
With some few bands of chosen soldiers,
I’ll undertake to land them on our coast
And force the tyrant from his seat by war.
- (Britain, informal) To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.
- Antonym: overtake
- (archaic, intransitive) To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.
- 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], OCLC 230972125; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, OCLC 932884868, line 289-291:
- As leene was his hors as is a rake,
And he nas nat right fat, I undertake,
But looked holwe and therto sobrely.- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iii]:
- That is her ransom; I deliver her;
And those two counties I will undertake
Your grace shall well and quietly enjoy.
- 1695, John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, London: Richard Wilkin, Part 4, pp. 222-223,
- […] if those Persons who are curious in collecting either Minerals, or the Shells, Teeth, or other Parts of Animal Bodies that have been buried in the Earth, do but search the Hills after Rains, and the Sea-Shores after Storms, I dare undertake they will not lose their Labour.
-
- (obsolete, transitive) To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xxxvij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book IX:
- there came fourty knyghtes to sire Darras
[…]
and they wold haue slayne sire Tristram and his two felawes
but sire Darras wold not suffre that but kepte them in pryson
[…]
So sire Tristram endured there grete payne
for sekenesse had vndertake hym
and that is the grettest payne a prysoner maye haue- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
- (obsolete) To assume, as a character; to take on.
- c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii]:
- Quince. […] you must needs play Pyramus.
Bottom. Well, I will undertake it.
-
- (obsolete) To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.
- 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:
- It is not fit your lordship should undertake every companion that you give offence to.
-
- (obsolete) To have knowledge of; to hear.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, page 34:
- Ne he his mouth would open unto wight,
Untill that Guyon selfe unto him spake,
And called Brigadore, (so was he hight,)
Whose voice so soone as he did undertake,
Eftsoones he stood as still as any stake,
-
- (obsolete) To have or take charge of.
- 1613, William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:
- To the water side I must conduct your grace;
Then give my charge up to Sir Nicholas Vaux,
Who undertakes you to your end.
-
Usage notes
- Sense: To commit oneself. This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive.
- See Appendix:English catenative verbs
Derived terms
- undertaker
- undertaking
Translations
to start an enterprise
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to commit oneself to an obligation
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