uncia

See also: Uncia and uncía

English

Etymology

From Latin uncia (“various Roman units”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”). Doublet of a, one, ounce, inch, onça, onza, oka, ouguiya, and awqiyyah.

Pronunciation

(General American, Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈʌnʃi.ə/

Noun

uncia (plural uncias or unciae)

(historical) The Roman ounce, 1/12 of a Roman pound. [1685]
(historical) The Roman inch, 1/12 of a Roman foot.
(historical) A bronze coin minted by the Roman Republic, 1/12 of an as.
(historical) A Roman unit of land area, 1/12 of a jugerum.
(pharmacy) Synonym of ounce, the English and American avoirdupois unit of mass.
Synonym of twelfth.
(algebra, obsolete) A numerical coefficient in a binomial.

Latin

**Latin numbers ^(edit)**
← 11	XII 12	13 → ^{[a], [b]}
Cardinal: duodecim Ordinal: duodecimus Adverbial: duodeciēs, duodeciēns Multiplier: duodecuplus, duodecuplex, duodecimplus, duodecimplex, duodecemplus, duodecemplex Distributive: duodēnī Fractional: ū̆ncia

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”) in the sense of twelfths making up the base unit of various ancient systems of measurement. Doublet of ūnus (“one”) and sometimes said to derive directly from it, possibly in the sense of the individual units together composing the whole. Possibly related to uncus (“hook, curved”) and unguis (“claw”) from the practice of counting to 12 using the thumb and knuckles of the right hand.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈuːn.ki.a/, [ˈuːŋkiä] or IPA^(key): /ˈun.ki.a/, [ˈʊŋkiä]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈun.t͡ʃi.a/, [ˈun̠ʲt͡ʃiä]

The length of the vowel in the first syllable is uncertain. Although the vowel is etymologically long, there is evidence that originally long vowels could be shortened before consonant clusters starting in resonant consonants such as [ŋ] in Latin (a similar sound change by the name of Osthoff's Law occurred in Greek).[1] French once represents a Latin form ŭncia with a short vowel.[2]

Noun

ū̆ncia f (genitive ū̆nciae); first declension

(historical) uncia, a coin of the Roman Republic equal to 1/12 as
(historical) uncia, a unit of length equal to 1/12 of the Roman foot
inch, similar units in other measurement systems
(figurative) inch, an insignificantly small length
(historical) uncia, a unit of mass equal to 1/12 of the Roman pound
ounce, similar units in other measurement systems
(figurative) ounce, bit, trifle, an insignificantly small amount
(historical) uncia, a unit of area equal to 1/12 of the jugerum
twelfth, 1/12 of any amount or unit

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ū̆ncia	ū̆nciae
Genitive	ū̆nciae	ū̆nciārum
Dative	ū̆nciae	ū̆nciīs
Accusative	ū̆nciam	ū̆nciās
Ablative	ū̆nciā	ū̆nciīs
Vocative	ū̆ncia	ū̆nciae

Derived terms

teruncius
deunx
quincunx
septunx

Descendants

Catalan: unça
Friulian: once
Italian: oncia
Norman: onche
Occitan: onça
Old French: unce
- Middle French: once, unce
  - French: once
  - → Middle English: unce, ounce
    - English: ounce
  - → Irish: unsa
- → Middle Armenian: ունծայ (uncay) (or from some other medieval European language)
Portuguese: onça, úncia
Romanian: uncie
Romansch: onza, untscha, unza, uonscha
Sicilian: oncia, uncia
Spanish: onza, uncia
Venetian: onsa, onza, onzha, onça
→ English: uncia
→ Proto-West Germanic: *unciju (see there for further descendants)
→ Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌾𐌰 (unkja)
→ Ancient Greek: οὐγγία (oungía), οὐγκία (ounkía), ὀγκία (onkía)
- Greek: ουγγιά (oungiá), ουγκιά (ougkiá)
- → Aramaic:
  - Classical Syriac: ܐܘܢܩܝܐ‎ (ʾūnqīyā), ܢܘܩܝܐ‎ (nūqyā)
    - → Arabic: أوقية‎ (ʾūqiyya), وُقِيَّة‎ (wuqiyya)
      - Maltese: uqija
      - → Swahili: wakia
      - → Ottoman Turkish: اوقه‎ (okka) (see there for further descendants)
    - → Old Armenian: նուկի (nuki)
      - Armenian: նուկի (nuki)
  - → Old Armenian: ունկի (unki)
    - → Georgian: უნკი (unḳi)
→ Old Irish: ungae (see there for further descendants)
→ Polish: uncja
→ Russian: у́нция (úncija) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

From Middle French once (“lynx, wild cat”) under influence from once (Latin uncia, “ounce”), from false division of Old French lonce (“lynx”) mistaking its initial l for the article l', from Vulgar Latin *luncea possibly via Italian lonza, from Latin lynx, from Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”). First used in reference to the snow leopard by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1777 as Felis uncia.

Noun

uncia f (genitive unciae); first declension

(New Latin) snow leopard

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	uncia	unciae
Genitive	unciae	unciārum
Dative	unciae	unciīs
Accusative	unciam	unciās
Ablative	unciā	unciīs
Vocative	uncia	unciae

Descendants

Translingual: Uncia

References

“uncia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“uncia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
uncia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
“uncia”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“uncia”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “ունկի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 603a

Sayeed, Ollie (01 Jan 2017) "Osthoff’s Law in Latin", in Indo-European Linguistics, Volume 5, Issue 1, page 156
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, page 78

[1] Sayeed, Ollie (01 Jan 2017) "Osthoff’s Law in Latin", in Indo-European Linguistics, Volume 5, Issue 1, page 156

[2] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, page 78