umquam
Latin
Alternative forms
- unquam (later)
Etymology
Perhaps from *quomquam, from quom (later cum) and quam (“any”). Compare cumque.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈum.kʷam/, [ˈʊŋkʷä̃ˑ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈum.kwam/, [ˈumkwäm]
Adverb
umquam (not comparable)
- at any time, ever
Usage notes
Most frequently in negative clauses, sometimes also in interrogations and in conditional clauses; but very seldom in affirmations
Synonyms
- quandō (following sī or num)
Derived terms
- numquam
- *dunquam
Related terms
Latin correlatives (edit)
type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic | quis, quī | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quisquam, aliquisquam, quispiam, ūllus | is, iste, istic | hic | ille, illic | quī | quisquis, quīcumque | ipse, īdem | alter, alius |
dual | uter | alteruter, uterque | uter | utercumque | |||||
number | quot | aliquot | tot | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | totidem | |||
order | quotus | totus | quotus | quotuscumque | |||||
quantity | quam | aliquam | tam | quam | †quamquam | †tamen, †tandem | |||
size | quantus | aliquantus | tantus | quantus | quantuscumque | tantusdem | |||
quality | quālis | aliquālis | tālis | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | ||||
manner | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | ita, sic, eō/istō modō | hōc modō | illō modō | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | item, itidem | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
method, path, place | quā | aliquā, quāque | eā, istāc | hāc | illāc | quā | quāquā, quācumque | eādem | aliā |
place | ubi | alicubi, ubique, usquam, uspiam | ibi, istic | hīc | illīc | ubi | ubiubi, ubicumque | ibidem | alibī, aliās |
source | unde | alicunde, undeunde | inde, istinc | hinc | illinc | unde | undecumque | indidem | aliunde |
destination | quō, quōrsum | aliquō, quōquam, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | eō, istūc, °istōrsum | hūc, °hōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | quō | quōquō, quōcumque | eōdem | aliō, aliorsum |
time | quandō | quondam, aliquandō, quandōque, umquam | tum, tunc | num, nunc | ōlim | cum, quandō | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | simul | aliās |
exact time | quota hōra | ea/ista hōra | hac hōra | illa hōra | quota hōra | quotacumque hōra | eadem hōra | altera/alia hōra | |
repetition | quotiēns | aliquotiēns | totiēns | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | ||||
multiplication | quotuplex | totuplex | quotuplex | ||||||
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare |
Descendants
Several forms reflect the addition of an adverbial /-s/.
- Balkan Romance:
- Romanian: încă
- Italo-Romance:
- Old Italian: unqua, unque
- Italian: -unque
- Old Italian: unqua, unque
- Gallo-Italic:
- Old Ligurian: unca
- Old Lombard: unca, uncha, unchan
- Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: onques
- French: onc, onques (obsolete)
- Norman: onc
- Occitano-Romance:
- Old Occitan: oncas (central), onc, unques (Béarn)
- Occitan: onc (Rouergue)
- Old Occitan: oncas (central), onc, unques (Béarn)
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “ŭmquam”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 14: U–Z, page 26
Further reading
- “umquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “umquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- umquam in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- nothing will ever make me forgetful of him: memoriam eius nulla umquam delebit (obscurabit) oblivio (Fam. 2. 1)
- nothing will ever make me forgetful of him: memoriam eius nulla umquam delebit (obscurabit) oblivio (Fam. 2. 1)