umqala
Xhosa
Etymology
From a Khoe language. Compare Nama ǃarab (“throat”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [úḿ̩kǃaːla]
Noun
úḿqala class 3 (plural ímíqala class 4)
- throat
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From a Khoe language. Compare Nama !arab (“throat, gullet”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /uḿ̩ǃaːla/
Noun
uḿqala class 3 (plural imíqala class 4)
- neck
Inflection
| Class 3/4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Full form | umqala | imiqala | ||
| Locative | emqaleni | emiqaleni | ||
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Full form | umqala | imiqala | ||
| Simple form | mqala | miqala | ||
| Locative | emqaleni | emiqaleni | ||
| Copulative | ngumqala | yimiqala | ||
| Possessive forms | ||||
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Modifier | Substantive | Modifier | Substantive | |
| Class 1 | womqala | owomqala | wemiqala | owemiqala |
| Class 2 | bomqala | abomqala | bemiqala | abemiqala |
| Class 3 | womqala | owomqala | wemiqala | owemiqala |
| Class 4 | yomqala | eyomqala | yemiqala | eyemiqala |
| Class 5 | lomqala | elomqala | lemiqala | elemiqala |
| Class 6 | omqala | awomqala | emiqala | awemiqala |
| Class 7 | somqala | esomqala | semiqala | esemiqala |
| Class 8 | zomqala | ezomqala | zemiqala | ezemiqala |
| Class 9 | yomqala | eyomqala | yemiqala | eyemiqala |
| Class 10 | zomqala | ezomqala | zemiqala | ezemiqala |
| Class 11 | lomqala | olomqala | lwemiqala | olwemiqala |
| Class 14 | bomqala | obomqala | bemiqala | obemiqala |
| Class 15 | komqala | okomqala | kwemiqala | okwemiqala |
| Class 17 | komqala | okomqala | kwemiqala | okwemiqala |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-qala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-qala (3.2.9.9)”
- Louw, J.A. (2013), “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444