umerus
Latin
Alternative forms
- humerus (rare in Classical texts)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émsos (“shoulder”) by rhotacism and vowel anaptyxis -ms- > -mer-. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos), Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu.me.rus/, [ˈʊmɛrʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈu.me.rus/, [ˈuːmerus]
Noun
umerus m (genitive umerī); second declension
- (anatomy) the humerus bone
- shoulder (especially of a human)
- back, ridge, such as of a mountain
Declension
Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | umerus | umerī |
Genitive | umerī | umerōrum |
Dative | umerō | umerīs |
Accusative | umerum | umerōs |
Ablative | umerō | umerīs |
Vocative | umere | umerī |
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: anumir, numir, umir
- Romanian: umăr
- Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: uembro
- Asturian: hombru
- Old Portuguese: ombro
- Galician: ombro ⇒ ombreiro
- Portuguese: ombro
- Old Spanish: ombro
- Spanish: hombro
- Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: vomaru
- Gallurese: umaru
- Italian: omero
- Òc:
- Gascon: ume, umbe, hume⇒ humet
- Borrowings:
- → Catalan: húmer
- → English: humerus
- → French: humérus
- → Galician: úmero
- → Portuguese: úmero
- → Romanian: humerus
- → Spanish: húmero
References
- “umerus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “umerus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- umerus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “hŭmĕrus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 510