umbra
See also: Umbra and umbră
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin umbra (“shadow”). Doublet of umber.
Pronunciation
- enPR: ŭmʹbrə, IPA(key): /ˈʌmbɹə/
- Rhymes: -ʌmbɹə
- Hyphenation: um‧bra
Noun
umbra (plural umbras or umbrae or (obsolete) umbræ)
- The fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object.
- (astronomy) The area on the earth or moon experiencing the total phase of an eclipse.
- (astronomy) The central region of a sunspot.
- (chiefly literary) A shadow.
- (archaic) An uninvited guest brought along by one who was invited.
- One of the family Umbridae of mudminnows.
- A sciaenoid fish, the umbrine.
Coordinate terms
- antumbra
- penumbra
Derived terms
- adumbrate
- antumbra
- penumbra
- umbral
- umbrella
Translations
the fully shaded inner area of a shadow
|
the central region of a sunspot
|
a shadow — see shadow
Anagrams
- Burma, rumba
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ˈum.bɾə/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈum.bɾa/
Noun
umbra f (plural umbres)
- female equivalent of umbre
Adjective
umbra
- feminine singular of umbre
Danish
Etymology
From Latin umbra (“shadow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔmbra/, [ˈɔmb̥ʁɑ]
Noun
umbra c (singular definite umbraen, not used in plural form)
- umber (pigment, colour)
- (as an adjective) umber (of a reddish brown colour)
Finnish
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin umbra.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈumbrɑ/, [ˈumbrɑ]
- Rhymes: -umbrɑ
- Syllabification(key): umb‧ra
Noun
umbra
- umbra
Declension
| Inflection of umbra (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | umbra | umbrat | |
| genitive | umbran | umbrien | |
| partitive | umbraa | umbria | |
| illative | umbraan | umbriin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | umbra | umbrat | |
| accusative | nom. | umbra | umbrat |
| gen. | umbran | ||
| genitive | umbran | umbrien umbrainrare | |
| partitive | umbraa | umbria | |
| inessive | umbrassa | umbrissa | |
| elative | umbrasta | umbrista | |
| illative | umbraan | umbriin | |
| adessive | umbralla | umbrilla | |
| ablative | umbralta | umbrilta | |
| allative | umbralle | umbrille | |
| essive | umbrana | umbrina | |
| translative | umbraksi | umbriksi | |
| instructive | — | umbrin | |
| abessive | umbratta | umbritta | |
| comitative | — | umbrineen | |
| Possessive forms of umbra (type koira) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | umbrani | umbramme |
| 2nd person | umbrasi | umbranne |
| 3rd person | umbransa | |
Synonyms
- (part of a shadow): täysvarjo
Anagrams
- Burma, burma, rumba
Interlingua
Etymology
From Latin.
Noun
umbra (plural umbras)
- shadow
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈum.bra/
- Rhymes: -umbra
- Hyphenation: ùm‧bra
Adjective
umbra
- feminine singular of umbro
Noun
umbra f (plural umbre)
- female equivalent of umbro
Anagrams
- bruma, rumba
Latin
Etymology
If from Old Latin *omra, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂mr-u-, *h₂mrup-; related to Ancient Greek ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark”), Luwian 𒈠𒅈𒉿𒄿𒀀 (“rot”), and 𒈠𒊒𒉿𒄿 (“rotten”) (also see Hittite Maraššantiya, their name for the Kızılırmak River), and this Indo-European source is said to be a possible borrowing from a Semitic root ḥ-m-r (“be red”), compare Arabic ح م ر (ḥ m r).[1]
Generally connected with Lithuanian unksna.[2]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈum.bra/, [ˈʊmbrä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈum.bra/, [ˈumbrä]
Noun
umbra f (genitive umbrae); first declension
- a shadow
- a shade
- a ghost
- a drumfish
Declension
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | umbra | umbrae |
| Genitive | umbrae | umbrārum |
| Dative | umbrae | umbrīs |
| Accusative | umbram | umbrās |
| Ablative | umbrā | umbrīs |
| Vocative | umbra | umbrae |
Derived terms
- umbella
- umbrāculum
- umbrāliter
- umbrāticola
- umbrāticus
- umbrātilis
- umbrēscō
- umbrifer
- umbrō
- umbrōsus
Related terms
- umbrātiō
Descendants
- Aragonese: huembra
- Aromanian: aumbrã, umbrã
- Asturian: solombra, sombra
- Dalmatian: sombreja
- English: umbra
- French: ombre, sombre
- Friulian: ombre
- Galician: sombra, sôma, ombre
- Italian: ombra
- Old Occitan: ombra
- Catalan: ombra
- Occitan: ombra
- Mirandese: selombra
- Portuguese: sombra
- Romanian: umbră
- Romansch: sumbriva, umbriva, sumbreiva
- Russian: умбра (umbra)
- Sardinian: umbara, umbra, urma
- Sicilian: ùmmara, ùmmira
- Spanish: sombra, umbra
- Venetian: onbra, onbria, onbrìa
References
- “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- umbra in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to exert oneself in the schools: desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis
- to exert oneself in the schools: desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis
- “umbra”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Whitehead, The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics, p. 13
- de Vaan, Michiel, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, vol. 7, of Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, Alexander Lubotsky ed., Leiden: Brill, 2008.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Latin umbra (“shade, shadow”).
Noun
umbra m (definite singular umbraen, indefinite plural umbraer or umbraar, definite plural umbraene or umbraane)
- (chemistry)
- a dark earthy colour
- (astronomy) the shade from a planet
- (astronomy, by extension) central region of a sunspot
References
- “umbra” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Romanian
Noun
umbra f
- definite nominative/accusative singular of umbră
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈumbɾa/ [ˈũm.bɾa]
- Rhymes: -umbɾa
- Syllabification: um‧bra
Noun
umbra f (plural umbras)
- female equivalent of umbro
Adjective
umbra
- feminine singular of umbro
Noun
umbra f (plural umbras)
- (obsolete) shade, shadow
Further reading
- “umbra”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014