ulvoa
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *ulvodak. Cognates include Estonian uluma, Ingrian ulvoa, Livvi ulvuo, Veps uuvata and Votic ulvoa. Likely related to Proto-Samic *(h)olvōtēk.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈulʋoɑˣ/, [ˈulʋo̞ɑ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ulʋoɑ
- Syllabification(key): ul‧vo‧a
Verb
ulvoa
- (intransitive) to howl
Conjugation
| Inflection of ulvoa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ulvon | en ulvo | 1st sing. | olen ulvonut | en ole ulvonut | |
| 2nd sing. | ulvot | et ulvo | 2nd sing. | olet ulvonut | et ole ulvonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ulvoo | ei ulvo | 3rd sing. | on ulvonut | ei ole ulvonut | |
| 1st plur. | ulvomme | emme ulvo | 1st plur. | olemme ulvoneet | emme ole ulvoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ulvotte | ette ulvo | 2nd plur. | olette ulvoneet | ette ole ulvoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ulvovat | eivät ulvo | 3rd plur. | ovat ulvoneet | eivät ole ulvoneet | |
| passive | ulvotaan | ei ulvota | passive | on ulvottu | ei ole ulvottu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ulvoin | en ulvonut | 1st sing. | olin ulvonut | en ollut ulvonut | |
| 2nd sing. | ulvoit | et ulvonut | 2nd sing. | olit ulvonut | et ollut ulvonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ulvoi | ei ulvonut | 3rd sing. | oli ulvonut | ei ollut ulvonut | |
| 1st plur. | ulvoimme | emme ulvoneet | 1st plur. | olimme ulvoneet | emme olleet ulvoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ulvoitte | ette ulvoneet | 2nd plur. | olitte ulvoneet | ette olleet ulvoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ulvoivat | eivät ulvoneet | 3rd plur. | olivat ulvoneet | eivät olleet ulvoneet | |
| passive | ulvottiin | ei ulvottu | passive | oli ulvottu | ei ollut ulvottu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ulvoisin | en ulvoisi | 1st sing. | olisin ulvonut | en olisi ulvonut | |
| 2nd sing. | ulvoisit | et ulvoisi | 2nd sing. | olisit ulvonut | et olisi ulvonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ulvoisi | ei ulvoisi | 3rd sing. | olisi ulvonut | ei olisi ulvonut | |
| 1st plur. | ulvoisimme | emme ulvoisi | 1st plur. | olisimme ulvoneet | emme olisi ulvoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ulvoisitte | ette ulvoisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte ulvoneet | ette olisi ulvoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ulvoisivat | eivät ulvoisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat ulvoneet | eivät olisi ulvoneet | |
| passive | ulvottaisiin | ei ulvottaisi | passive | olisi ulvottu | ei olisi ulvottu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | ulvo | älä ulvo | 2nd sing. | ole ulvonut | älä ole ulvonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ulvokoon | älköön ulvoko | 3rd sing. | olkoon ulvonut | älköön olko ulvonut | |
| 1st plur. | ulvokaamme | älkäämme ulvoko | 1st plur. | olkaamme ulvoneet | älkäämme olko ulvoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ulvokaa | älkää ulvoko | 2nd plur. | olkaa ulvoneet | älkää olko ulvoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ulvokoot | älkööt ulvoko | 3rd plur. | olkoot ulvoneet | älkööt olko ulvoneet | |
| passive | ulvottakoon | älköön ulvottako | passive | olkoon ulvottu | älköön olko ulvottu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ulvonen | en ulvone | 1st sing. | lienen ulvonut | en liene ulvonut | |
| 2nd sing. | ulvonet | et ulvone | 2nd sing. | lienet ulvonut | et liene ulvonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ulvonee | ei ulvone | 3rd sing. | lienee ulvonut | ei liene ulvonut | |
| 1st plur. | ulvonemme | emme ulvone | 1st plur. | lienemme ulvoneet | emme liene ulvoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ulvonette | ette ulvone | 2nd plur. | lienette ulvoneet | ette liene ulvoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ulvonevat | eivät ulvone | 3rd plur. | lienevät ulvoneet | eivät liene ulvoneet | |
| passive | ulvottaneen | ei ulvottane | passive | lienee ulvottu | ei liene ulvottu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | ulvoa | present | ulvova | ulvottava | ||
| long 1st2 | ulvoakseen | past | ulvonut | ulvottu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | ulvoessa | ulvottaessa | agent1, 3 | ulvoma | |
| instructive | ulvoen | — | negative | ulvomaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | ulvomassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | ulvomasta | — | ||||
| illative | ulvomaan | — | ||||
| adessive | ulvomalla | — | ||||
| abessive | ulvomatta | — | ||||
| instructive | ulvoman | ulvottaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | ulvominen | ||||
| partitive | ulvomista | |||||
| 5th2 | ulvomaisillaan | |||||
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈulʋoɑ/, [ˈulʋo̞ɑ]
- Rhymes: -ulʋoɑ
- Syllabification(key): ul‧vo‧a
Noun
ulvoa
- partitive singular of ulvo
Anagrams
- luova
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ulvodak. Cognates include Finnish ulvoa and Estonian uluda.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈulʋoɑ/, [ˈuɫʋo̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈulʋoɑ/, [ˈuɫʋo̞ɑ]
- Rhymes: -ulʋoɑ
- Hyphenation: ul‧vo‧a
Verb
ulvoa
- (intransitive) to howl
- 1936, V. I. Junus; P. L. Maksimov, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 4:
- Sika röhkää. Susi ulvoo.
- The pig oinks. The wolf howls.
-
Conjugation
| Conjugation of ulvoa (type 1/ampua, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ulvon | en ulvo | 1st singular | oon ulvont, oon ulvonut | en oo ulvont, en oo ulvonut |
| 2nd singular | ulvot | et ulvo | 2nd singular | oot ulvont, oot ulvonut | et oo ulvont, et oo ulvonut |
| 3rd singular | ulvoo | ei ulvo | 3rd singular | ono ulvont, ono ulvonut | ei oo ulvont, ei oo ulvonut |
| 1st plural | ulvomma | emmä ulvo | 1st plural | oomma ulvonneet | emmä oo ulvonneet |
| 2nd plural | ulvotta | että ulvo | 2nd plural | ootta ulvonneet | että oo ulvonneet |
| 3rd plural | ulvoot1), ulvovat2), ulvotaa | evät ulvo | 3rd plural | ovat ulvonneet | evät oo ulvonneet |
| impersonal | ulvotaa | ei ulvota | impersonal | ono ulvottu | ei oo ulvottu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ulvoin | en ulvont, en ulvonut | 1st singular | olin ulvont, olin ulvonut | en olt ulvont, en olt ulvonut |
| 2nd singular | ulvoit | et ulvont, et ulvonut | 2nd singular | olit ulvont, olit ulvonut | et olt ulvont, et olt ulvonut |
| 3rd singular | ulvoi | ei ulvont, ei ulvonut | 3rd singular | oli ulvont, oli ulvonut | ei olt ulvont, ei olt ulvonut |
| 1st plural | ulvoimma | emmä ulvonneet | 1st plural | olimma ulvonneet | emmä olleet ulvonneet |
| 2nd plural | ulvoitta | että ulvonneet | 2nd plural | olitta ulvonneet | että olleet ulvonneet |
| 3rd plural | ulvoit1), ulvoivat2), ulvottii | evät ulvonneet | 3rd plural | olivat ulvonneet | evät olleet ulvonneet |
| impersonal | ulvottii | ei ulvottu | impersonal | oli ulvottu | ei olt ulvottu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ulvoisin | en ulvois | 1st singular | olisin ulvont, olisin ulvonut | en olis ulvont, en olis ulvonut |
| 2nd singular | ulvoisit, ulvoist1) | et ulvois | 2nd singular | olisit ulvont, olisit ulvonut | et olis ulvont, et olis ulvonut |
| 3rd singular | ulvois | ei ulvois | 3rd singular | olis ulvont, olis ulvonut | ei olis ulvont, ei olis ulvonut |
| 1st plural | ulvoisimma | emmä ulvois | 1st plural | olisimma ulvonneet | emmä olis ulvonneet |
| 2nd plural | ulvoisitta | että ulvois | 2nd plural | olisitta ulvonneet | että olis ulvonneet |
| 3rd plural | ulvoisiit1), ulvoisivat2), ulvottais | evät ulvois | 3rd plural | olisivat ulvonneet | evät olis ulvonneet |
| impersonal | ulvottais | ei ulvottais | impersonal | olis ulvottu | ei olis ulvottu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | ulvo | elä ulvo | 2nd singular | oo ulvont, oo ulvonut | elä oo ulvont, elä oo ulvonut |
| 3rd singular | ulvokoo | elköö ulvoko | 3rd singular | olkoo ulvont, olkoo ulvonut | elköö olko ulvont, elköö olko ulvonut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | ulvokaa | elkää ulvoko | 2nd plural | olkaa ulvonneet | elkää olko ulvonneet |
| 3rd plural | ulvokoot | elkööt ulvoko | 3rd plural | olkoot ulvonneet | elkööt olko ulvonneet |
| impersonal | ulvottakkoo | elköö ulvottako | impersonal | olkoo ulvottu | elköö olko ulvottu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | ulvonen | en ulvone | |||
| 2nd singular | ulvonet | et ulvone | |||
| 3rd singular | ulvonoo | ei ulvone | |||
| 1st plural | ulvonemma | emmä ulvone | |||
| 2nd plural | ulvonetta | että ulvone | |||
| 3rd plural | ulvonoot | evät ulvone | |||
| impersonal | ulvottannoo | ei ulvottane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | ulvoa | present | ulvova | ulvottava | |
| 2nd | inessive | ulvojees | past | ulvont, ulvonut | ulvottu |
| instructive | ulvoen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (ulvokaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative, or -kse to the potential. ***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | ulvomaa | |||
| inessive | ulvomaas | ||||
| elative | ulvomast | ||||
| abessive | ulvomata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | ulvomiin | |||
| partitive | ulvomista, ulvomist | ||||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 4
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ulvodak.
Pronunciation
- (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈulvoɑ/, [ˈuɫvoɑ]
- Rhymes: -ulvoɑ
- Hyphenation: ul‧voa
Verb
ulvoa
- (intransitive) to howl
Inflection
| Conjugation of ulvoa (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ulvon | en ulvo | 1st singular | õõn ulvonnu | en õõ ulvonnu |
| 2nd singular | ulvod | ed ulvo | 2nd singular | õõd ulvonnu | ed õõ ulvonnu |
| 3rd singular | ulvob | eb ulvo | 3rd singular | on ulvonnu | eb õõ ulvonnu |
| 1st plural | ulvommõ | emmä ulvo | 1st plural | öõmmõ ulvonnu | emmä õõ ulvonnu |
| 2nd plural | ulvottõ | että ulvo | 2nd plural | õõttõ ulvonnu | että õõ ulvonnu |
| 3rd plural | ulvota | eväd ulvo | 3rd plural | õlla ulvottu | eväd õõ ulvottu |
| impersonal | ulvota | eväd ulvo | impersonal | õlla ulvottu | eväd õõ ulvottu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ulvozin | en ulvonnu | 1st singular | õlin ulvonnu | — |
| 2nd singular | ulvozid | ed ulvonnu | 2nd singular | õlid ulvonnu | — |
| 3rd singular | ulvo | eb ulvonnu | 3rd singular | õli ulvonnu | — |
| 1st plural | ulvozimmõ | emmä ulvonnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ ulvonnu | — |
| 2nd plural | ulvozittõ | että ulvonnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ ulvonnu | — |
| 3rd plural | ulvotti | eväd ulvottu | 3rd plural | õlti ulvottu | — |
| impersonal | ulvotti | eväd ulvottu | impersonal | õlti ulvottu | — |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ulvoizin | en ulvoizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin ulvonnu | en õllõizʹ ulvonnu |
| 2nd singular | ulvoizid | ed ulvoizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid ulvonnu | ed õllõizʹ ulvonnu |
| 3rd singular | ulvoizʹ | eb ulvoizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ ulvonnu | eb õllõizʹ ulvonnu |
| 1st plural | ulvoizimmõ | emmä ulvoizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ ulvonnu | emmä õllõizʹ ulvonnu |
| 2nd plural | ulvoizittõ | että ulvoizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ ulvonnu | että õllõizʹ ulvonnu |
| 3rd plural | ulvottaizʹ | eväd ulvottaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ ulvottu | eväd õltaizʹ ulvottu |
| impersonal | ulvottaizʹ | eväd ulvottaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ ulvottu | eväd õltaizʹ ulvottu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | ulvo | elä ulvo | |||
| 3rd singular | ulvogo | elko ulvogo | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | ulvoga | elka ulvoga | |||
| 3rd plural | ulvogod | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | ulvoa | present | ulvojõ | — | |
| 2nd | illative | ulvoma | past | ulvonnu | ulvottu |
| inessive | ulvomõz | ||||
| elative | ulvomassõ | ||||
| abessive | ulvomattõ | ||||
References
- V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “ulvoa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn