-TʼÓÓD

-TʼÓÓD

Navajo

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *tʼutʼ (“to suck”). Related to -TʼOD (“to be soft”) and -TʼOH (“to smoke”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna ighiłtʼuutʼ (“he sucked it”), kultʼotʼ (“ground is soft”), Koyukon yiltʊt (“he sucked it on it once”), Carrier əst’ət (“to smoke”).

Root

-TʼÓÓD

1. to suck, to nurse, to pump, to inject

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + ł	motion	S pumps O yiłtʼood (Ø-MOM) iiłtʼood yidiłtʼood haiłtʼood haatʼood yíłtʼood (ni-MOM) chʼííłtʼood niiłtʼood yoołtʼoł (PROG)
O + ł	successive	S sucks O yiłtʼoʼ (REP) néinitʼod (SER) yiyiiłtʼoʼ (SEM)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tʼood	-tʼóód	-tʼoł	-tʼoʼ	-tʼood
REP	-tʼoʼ	-tʼóód	-tʼoł	-tʼoʼ	-tʼoʼ
SER	-tʼod	-tʼóód	-tʼoł	-tʼoʼ	-tʼod
SEM	-tʼod	-tʼod	-tʼod	-tʼod	-tʼod

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to suck:

• -TSʼǪ́Ǫ́Z

to inject, to pour:

• -KÁ
• -ZIID

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼÓÓD (suck)

Etymology 2

Perhaps from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼučʼ (“to peel, to strip”), with an irregular coda evolution (*-čʼ> -sh would be expected). See also -TʼOD (“arrow sticks”) for a similar issue.

Compare Ahtna idghiltʼuutsʼ (“he peels it”), Carrier əst’us (“to strip”), hanəzt’ûz (“to be bald”), with meanings identical to the ones found in Navajo.

Root

-TʼÓÓD

  1. to tear, to peel, to wear out

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive base (O + Ø)
Ø	motion	S tears, balds, peels iitʼood (Ø-MOM) bétʼood yikʼeetʼood haatʼood niitʼood (ni-MOM)	S tears O, plucks O, peels O iitʼood (Ø-MOM) yétʼood yikʼeetʼood

  2. to wipe

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + Ø	successive	S wipes O yitʼood (Ø-MOM) ↳ hatʼood ↳ ádítʼood yiʼniitʼood néinitʼood (REP) yiyiitʼood (SEM)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tʼood	-tʼóód	-tʼoł	-tʼoʼ	-tʼood
REP	-tʼod	-tʼóód	-tʼoł	-tʼoʼ	-tʼod
SEM	-tʼod	-tʼod	-tʼod	-tʼod	-tʼod

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to tear, to rip:

• -DLÁÁD (roughly)
• -ZǪ́Ǫ́Z (gently)

to pluck:

• -NIZH
• -TSʼIʼ

to wear out:

• -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ
• -ZHAAZH

to wipe:

• -DEEʼ
• -JOOL

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼÓÓD (tear)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼÓÓD (wipe)